CLAIM CARD
The evidence base for immune modulation by cold-activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) is derived from a combination of observational cohorts, mechanistic human studies, and a systematic review in a clinical population. Heimburger et al. (2022), a systematic review focused on patients with type 2 diabetes, reported positive effects on hepatic fat and BAT thermogenesis with significant p-values of P = 0.0005, P = 0.009, and P = 0.000072. Mendez-Gutierrez et al. (2024), another systematic review, concluded that cold exposure modulates potential brown adipokines in humans but found an unclear effect direction for immune outcomes, highlighting the complexity of the human response.
Evidence grade: exploratory
Contradiction status: none
Publication: 5e04142b-5106-4483-8db7-d9378c53fb19
Provenance: Derivation Web chain
Citation Support
source_1Jaeckstein 2025source_2Ma 2025source_3Feng 2025source_4Kwok 2024source_5Lyons 2024