RESEARKA

Several outcome domains are represented by a single study within the corpus, precluding internal replication or meta-analytic pooling. For instance, Konopka 2019 alone examined the interaction between metformin and aerobic exercise on mitochondrial adaptations, while Gillen 2016 alone compared sprint interval training to moderate-intensity continuous training for cardiometabolic outcomes. Single-trial findings cannot be cross-validated within the synthesis, leaving their effect-size estimates vulnerable to idiosyncratic sample characteristics. Similarly, dose-response evidence for aerobic exercise on cognition rests on a single pilot RCT (Vidoni 2015), and no other included study directly tests dose as a moderating variable for cognitive endpoints.

Citation Support

• source_1 PMC10673924 prospective association of occupational and leisure time phy
• source_2 PMC8308714 eating speed physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness
• source_3 PMC9876872 effects of concurrent strength and endurance training on mea
• source_4 PMC8637860 5 years of exercise intervention did not benefit cognition c
• source_5 PMC9095946 whole body and muscle responses to aerobic exercise training