RESEARKA

The primary tension within the dosing pharmacokinetics corpus pertains to the generalization from toxicological models to therapeutic contexts. The evidence from Sarmiento-Ortega et al. (2025) is derived exclusively from an animal model of toxicant exposure, which does not directly inform dosing for cold exposure or pharmaceutical BAT activation in humans. While this preclinical study provides high-quality evidence for the pathological effects of a specific cadmium dose regimen, its direct translation to human BAT physiology in the context of beneficial interventions remains limited. This represents a boundary condition: the current evidence profile for dosing in cold-exposure studies requires distinct human pharmacokinetic data, which is not addressed by this preclinical toxicology work.

Citation Support

• source_1 Jaeckstein 2025
• source_2 Ma 2025
• source_3 Feng 2025
• source_4 Kwok 2024
• source_5 Lyons 2024