CLAIM CARD
The evidence for cold exposure and immune or inflammatory modulation is supported by two distinct lines of investigation from this curated corpus: a clinical proof-of-concept trial in human patients and a mechanistic mouse study. Buijze et al. (2019) conducted an observational cohort study examining an add-on training program that included breathing exercises, cold exposure, and meditation in 24 adults with moderately active axial spondyloarthritis, characterized by an ASDAS >2.1 and hs-CRP ≥5 mg/L. Xie et al. (2023) used a preclinical mouse model to investigate the role of CXCL13 in promoting thermogenesis through macrophage recruitment and inflammation inhibition in brown adipose tissue following cold stimulation. Both studies, despite their different designs and directness levels, converge on the immune-inflammation outcome class, providing a multi-layered view of potential mechanisms.
Evidence grade: exploratory
Contradiction status: none
Publication: 5e04142b-5106-4483-8db7-d9378c53fb19
Provenance: Derivation Web chain
Citation Support
source_1Jaeckstein 2025source_2Ma 2025source_3Feng 2025source_4Kwok 2024source_5Lyons 2024