{"publication_id":"1747c75e-7396-47ed-9685-4f97bbb58d86","content_hash":"sha256:c9e8d88ab8fa9c30bc77e24fa98538cc4e9ff9e56c4deffeab1034c2c03a7228","nodes":[{"id":"1747c75e-7396-47ed-9685-4f97bbb58d86","type":"publication","title":"Urolithin A Muscle Endurance in Adults"},{"id":"claim_1","type":"claim","text":"Across these trials, urolithin A improved multiple performance outcomes in middle-aged adults; in older adults, primary walk and ATP endpoints were null while muscle endurance improved. Because the cohorts and endpoints differed, this does not establish an age effect."},{"id":"claim_2","type":"claim","text":"Across these trials, urolithin A improved multiple performance outcomes in middle-aged adults; in older adults, primary walk and ATP endpoints were null while muscle endurance improved. Because the cohorts and endpoints differed, this does not establish an age effect. [R1] [R2]"},{"id":"claim_3","type":"claim","text":"Challenger output. Every factual claim is receipt-bound; the falsifier is a proposal, not evidence."},{"id":"source_1","type":"source","study":"Urolithin A improves muscle strength, exercise performance, and biomarkers of mitochondrial health in a randomized trial in middle-aged adults","year":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100633","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100633","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary","excerpt":"Targeting mitophagy to activate the recycling of faulty mitochondria during aging is a strategy to mitigate muscle decline. We present results from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in middle-aged adults where we administer a postbiotic compound Urolithin A (Mitopure), a known mitophagy activator, at two doses for 4 months (NCT03464500). The data show significant improvements in muscle strength (∼12%) with intake of Urolithin A. We observe clinically meaningful improvements with Urolithin A on aerobic endurance (peak oxygen oxygen consumption [VO 2 ]) and physical performance (6 min walk test) but do not notice a significant improvement on peak power output (primary endpoint). Levels of plasma acylcarnitines and C-reactive proteins are significantly lower with Urolithin A, indicating higher mitochondrial efficiency and reduced inflammation. We also examine expression of proteins linked to mitophagy and mitochondrial metabolism in skeletal muscle and find a significant increase with Urolithin A administration. This study highlights the benefit of Urolithin A to improve muscle performance."},{"id":"source_2","type":"source","study":"Effect of Urolithin A Supplementation on Muscle Endurance and Mitochondrial Health in Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","year":2022,"doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.44279","url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.44279","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary","excerpt":"Aging is associated with a decline in mitochondrial function and reduced exercise capacity. Urolithin A is a natural gut microbiome-derived food metabolite that has been shown to stimulate mitophagy and improve muscle function in older animals and to induce mitochondrial gene expression in older humans. To investigate whether oral administration of urolithin A improved the 6-minute walk distance, muscle endurance in hand and leg muscles, and biomarkers associated with mitochondrial and cellular health. This double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial in adults aged 65 to 90 years was conducted at a medical center and a cancer research center in Seattle, Washington, from March 1, 2018, to July 30, 2020. Muscle fatigue tests and plasma analysis of biomarkers were assessed at baseline, 2 months, and 4 months. Six-minute walk distance and maximal ATP production were assessed using magnetic resonance spectroscopy at baseline and at the end of study at 4 months. The analysis used an intention-to-treat approach. Participants were randomized to receive daily oral supplementation with either 1000 mg urolithin A or placebo for 4 months. The primary end point was change from baseline in the 6-minute walk distance and change from baseline to 4 months in maximal ATP production in the hand skeletal muscle. The secondary end points were change in muscle endurance of 2 skeletal muscles (tibialis anterior [TA] in the leg and first dorsal interosseus [FDI] in the hand). Cellular health biomarkers were investigated via plasma metabolomics. Adverse events were recorded and compared between the 2 groups during the intervention period. A total of 66 participants were randomized to either the urolithin A (n = 33) or the placebo (n = 33) intervention group. These participants had a mean (SD) age of 71.7 (4.94) years, were predominantly women (50 [75.8%]), and were all White individuals. Urolithin A, compared with placebo, significantly improved muscle endurance (ie, increase in the number of muscle contractions until fatigue from baseline) in the FDI and TA at 2 months (urolithin A: FDI, 95.3 [115.5] and TA, 41.4 [65.5]; placebo: FDI, 11.6 [147.4] and TA, 5.7 [127.1]). Plasma levels of several acylcarnitines, ceramides, and C-reactive protein were decreased by urolithin A, compared with placebo, at 4 months (baseline vs 4 mo: urolithin A, 2.14 [2.15] vs 2.07 [1.46]; placebo, 2.17 [2.52] vs 2.65 [1.86]). The mean (SD) increase from baseline in the 6-minute walk distance was 60.8 (67.2) m in the urolithin A group and 42.5 (73.3) m in the placebo group. The mean (SD) change from baseline to 4 months in maximal ATP production in the FDI was 0.07 (0.23) mM/s in the urolithin A group and 0.06 (0.20) mM/s in the placebo group; for the TA, it was -0.03 (0.10) mM/s in the urolithin A group and 0.03 (0.10) mM/s in the placebo group. These results showed no significant improvement with urolithin A supplementation compared with placebo. No statistical differences in adverse events were observed between the 2 groups. This randomized clinical trial found that urolithin A supplementation was safe and well tolerated in the assessed population. Although the improvements in the 6-minute walk distance and maximal ATP production in the hand muscle were not significant in the urolithin A group vs the placebo group, long-term urolithin A supplementation was beneficial for muscle endurance and plasma biomarkers, suggesting that urolithin A may counteract age-associated muscle decline; however, future work is needed to confirm this finding. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03283462."}],"edges":[{"from":"1747c75e-7396-47ed-9685-4f97bbb58d86","to":"claim_1","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1747c75e-7396-47ed-9685-4f97bbb58d86","to":"claim_2","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1747c75e-7396-47ed-9685-4f97bbb58d86","to":"claim_3","type":"contains_claim"}],"screening":{"identified":2,"screened":2,"excluded":0,"included":2,"included_or_retained":2,"flow":["identified","screened","excluded_with_reasons","included"],"wording":"2 candidate receipts retained after source retrieval, deduplication, and topic filtering. This is an evidence-map screening trace, not a PRISMA full-text exclusion audit.","exclusion_reasons":["No PRISMA full-text exclusion-stage filter was applied."]}}