{"publication_id":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","content_hash":"sha256:fe5ba1ba236dd77809053a9266b6dffc6b01bc7f5523a2b697a5c84ab29f8ee9","nodes":[{"id":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","type":"publication","title":"Research Synthesis: Bempedoic Acid Longevity — full paper"},{"id":"claim_1","type":"claim","text":"What does the current evidence establish about Bempedoic Acid Longevity and human geroscience? This synthesis tests the thesis that evidence for Bempedoic acid is context-dependent, separating outcome-specific signals from broader claims and identifying the evidence gaps that should bound interpretation. Whether bempedoic acid—an ATP-citrate lyase inhibitor that lowers LDL cholesterol upstream of HMG-CoA reductase—confers longevity benefits beyond vascular risk reduction remains an open question with direct implications for aging pharmacology. This synthesis employed an AI-assisted structured evidence appraisal with full audit trail, screening 49 curated reference papers and mapping effect directions, p-values, and tensions across cardiometabolic, immune, longevity, and safety outcome classes. Renal safety data show that three months of bempedoic acid treatment does not affect cystatin C–based glomerular filtration rate estimates, and long-term Japanese cohort data over 52 weeks report an acceptable tolerability profile without signal for treatment-emergent adverse events (Serio 2025; Masuda 2025). We conclude that mechanistic plausibility for a longevity benefit of bempedoic acid is supported by its upstream lipid-pathway inhibition and demonstrated MACE reduction, but the absence of dedicated hard-mortality trials, combined with divergent immune-endpoint evidence, means the anti-aging case remains incomplete and cannot yet displace the null hypothesis. Definitive resol"},{"id":"claim_2","type":"claim","text":"The following fields were extracted from each included source: study design, population / cohort, intervention or exposure, comparator, outcome class, effect direction, effect size, confidence interval or credible interval, p-value, sample size, follow-up duration, risk-of-bias rating."},{"id":"claim_3","type":"claim","text":"Per-source risk-of-bias was rated using design-appropriate Cochrane RoB-2 (RCTs), ROBINS-I (non-randomised studies), and AMSTAR-2 (systematic reviews / meta-analyses). Ratings recorded in `risk_of_bias.json`."},{"id":"claim_4","type":"claim","text":"Evidence-tension synthesis: claims grouped by outcome class (cardiometabolic, contextual adjacent evidence, dosing and pharmacokinetics, frailty, immune, longevity, safety, safety and comorbidity); within-class agreement, disagreement, and directness gaps surfaced explicitly. Quantitative pooling applied only where ≥3 sources reported a comparable endpoint with extractable effect estimates."},{"id":"claim_5","type":"claim","text":"Source retrieval, claim extraction, evidence routing, and prose drafting were assisted by large language models under a deterministic audit-trail protocol. Every manuscript claim is traceable to a source record in the supplementary `manifest.json`. Final eligibility and interpretation decisions are author-verified."},{"id":"claim_6","type":"claim","text":"Outcome-class note:** Contextual Adjacent Evidence denotes background, boundary-condition, or adjacent-outcome sources. It is not pooled with direct outcome evidence."},{"id":"claim_7","type":"claim","text":"| Cardiometabolic | n=19; claims=1675 | null signal in 14/19 sources | 8 indirect; 1 mechanistic; 10 review | limited corpus depth in this outcome class |"},{"id":"claim_8","type":"claim","text":"| Contextual Adjacent Evidence | n=17; claims=832 | null signal in 11/17 sources | 9 indirect; 8 review | limited corpus depth in this outcome class |"},{"id":"claim_9","type":"claim","text":"| Immune | n=4; claims=496 | null signal in 2/4 sources | 3 indirect; 1 review | limited corpus depth in this outcome class |"},{"id":"claim_10","type":"claim","text":"| Frailty | n=1; claims=6 | null signal in 1/1 sources | 1 indirect | single-source slice; hypothesis-generating |"},{"id":"claim_11","type":"claim","text":"The retained bempedoic acid longevity corpus is reported by outcome class before any cross-domain interpretation. This structure prevents favorable, null, mixed, and adverse evidence from being blended across biologically different endpoints."},{"id":"claim_12","type":"claim","text":"The cardiometabolic evidence packet includes 19 source-level summaries and 1675 high-confidence observations. Directional coding within this packet is mixed=1, null=14, positive=1, unclear=3, and directness coding is indirect=8, mechanistic=1, review=10. These counts describe the frozen evidence state for this outcome, not a pooled treatment estimate."},{"id":"claim_13","type":"claim","text":"Representative sources include Kibret 2025, Filippo 2023, Zheng 2025. This outcome is interpreted within its own packet first; any broader synthesis is deferred until the cross-domain section so that the writer cannot merge evidence from unrelated outcome classes."},{"id":"claim_14","type":"claim","text":"The contextual adjacent evidence packet includes 17 source-level summaries and 832 high-confidence observations. Directional coding within this packet is mixed=2, null=11, positive=2, unclear=2, and directness coding is indirect=9, review=8."},{"id":"claim_15","type":"claim","text":"Directional coding within this packet is negative=1, null=2, positive=1, and directness coding is indirect=3, review=1."},{"id":"claim_16","type":"claim","text":"Directional coding within this packet is negative=1, null=1, unclear=1, and directness coding is review=3."},{"id":"claim_17","type":"claim","text":"Directional coding within this packet is null=1, positive=1, and directness coding is review=2."},{"id":"claim_18","type":"claim","text":"Directional coding within this packet is null=1, unclear=1, and directness coding is indirect=1, review=1."},{"id":"claim_19","type":"claim","text":"Descriptive findings remain separate from interpretation and endpoint-specific boundaries. Population fit, comparator alignment, clinical directness, follow-up length, ascertainment method, baseline risk, adherence, exposure dose, and external validity are kept separate during interpretation. The interpretation"},{"id":"claim_20","type":"claim","text":"Immune is retained as a separate Results slice (n=4; null signal in 2/4 sources; 3 indirect; no direct clinical anchor) and is not pooled into adjacent endpoint classes."},{"id":"claim_21","type":"claim","text":"Longevity is retained as a separate Results slice (n=3; null signal in 1/3 sources; not classified; no direct clinical anchor) and is not pooled into adjacent endpoint classes."},{"id":"claim_22","type":"claim","text":"Safety and Comorbidity is retained as a separate Results slice (n=2; null signal in 1/2 sources; 1 indirect; no direct clinical anchor) and is not pooled into adjacent endpoint classes."},{"id":"claim_23","type":"claim","text":"Frailty remains a separate Results slice (n=1; claims=6; null signal in 1/1 sources; 1 indirect; single-source slice; hypothesis-generating) and is not pooled into adjacent endpoint classes."},{"id":"claim_24","type":"claim","text":"Outcome-class note:** Contextual Adjacent Evidence denotes background, boundary-condition, or adjacent-outcome sources. It is not pooled with direct outcome evidence."},{"id":"claim_25","type":"claim","text":"| Cardiometabolic | n=19; claims=1675 | null signal in 14/19 sources | 8 indirect; 1 mechanistic; 10 review | limited corpus depth in this outcome class |"},{"id":"claim_26","type":"claim","text":"| Contextual Adjacent Evidence | n=17; claims=832 | null signal in 11/17 sources | 9 indirect; 8 review | limited corpus depth in this outcome class |"},{"id":"claim_27","type":"claim","text":"| Immune | n=4; claims=496 | null signal in 2/4 sources | 3 indirect; 1 review | limited corpus depth in this outcome class |"},{"id":"claim_28","type":"claim","text":"| Frailty | n=1; claims=6 | null signal in 1/1 sources | 1 indirect | single-source slice; hypothesis-generating |"},{"id":"claim_29","type":"claim","text":"The retained bempedoic acid longevity corpus is reported by outcome class before any cross-domain interpretation. This structure prevents favorable, null, mixed, and adverse evidence from being blended across biologically different endpoints."},{"id":"claim_30","type":"claim","text":"The cardiometabolic evidence packet includes 19 source-level summaries and 1675 high-confidence observations. Directional coding within this packet is mixed=1, null=14, positive=1, unclear=3, and directness coding is indirect=8, mechanistic=1, review=10. These counts describe the frozen evidence state for this outcome, not a pooled treatment estimate."},{"id":"source_1","type":"source","study":"Lyra 2026","year":2026,"doi":"10.1155/tswj/5896031","url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tswj/5896031","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_2","type":"source","study":"Yamashita 2025","year":2025,"doi":"10.5551/jat.65336","url":"https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.65336","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_3","type":"source","study":"Kibret 2025","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s13668-025-00684-7","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-025-00684-7","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_4","type":"source","study":"Li 2025","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03823-6","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-025-03823-6","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_5","type":"source","study":"Filippo 2023","year":2023,"doi":"10.1186/s12933-023-02022-z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-023-02022-z","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_6","type":"source","study":"Zheng 2025","year":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100714","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100714","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_7","type":"source","study":"Pi 2025","year":2025,"doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1626352","url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1626352","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_8","type":"source","study":"Connolly 2026","year":2026,"doi":"10.1136/bmjopen-2025-114031","url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2025-114031","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_9","type":"source","study":"Alkouri 2025","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-24595-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-24595-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_10","type":"source","study":"Chauveau 2025","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s13195-025-01808-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-025-01808-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_11","type":"source","study":"Bays 2025","year":2025,"doi":"10.1161/JAHA.124.037898","url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.124.037898","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_12","type":"source","study":"Masuda 2025","year":2025,"doi":"10.5551/jat.65947","url":"https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.65947","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_13","type":"source","study":"Naderi 2026","year":2026,"doi":"10.1002/clc.70288","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.70288","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_14","type":"source","study":"Hamidabad 2026","year":2026,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0341111","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0341111","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_15","type":"source","study":"Ghosh 2026","year":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101363","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101363","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_16","type":"source","study":"Hasebe 2025","year":2025,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70121","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.70121","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_17","type":"source","study":"Qiu 2025","year":2025,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1643413","url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1643413","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_18","type":"source","study":"Yan 2026","year":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s00125-026-06682-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-026-06682-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_19","type":"source","study":"Musazadeh 2026","year":2026,"doi":"10.1002/edm2.70207","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.70207","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_20","type":"source","study":"Li 2026","year":2026,"doi":"10.1186/s40001-026-03912-0","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-026-03912-0","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_21","type":"source","study":"Dolatkhah 2025","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41387-025-00408-4","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-025-00408-4","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_22","type":"source","study":"Bidel 2025","year":2025,"doi":"10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf962","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf962","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_23","type":"source","study":"Lv 2025","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12876-025-03789-z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-03789-z","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_24","type":"source","study":"Sayed 2023","year":2023,"doi":"10.1007/s10557-023-07474-9","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10557-023-07474-9","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_25","type":"source","study":"Xiao 2026","year":2026,"doi":"10.2196/77470","url":"https://doi.org/10.2196/77470","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_26","type":"source","study":"Qian 2026","year":2026,"doi":"10.1136/lupus-2025-001770","url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2025-001770","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_27","type":"source","study":"Lee 2026","year":2026,"doi":"10.1093/eschf/xvag005","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eschf/xvag005","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_28","type":"source","study":"Craciun 2025","year":2025,"doi":"10.3390/medicina61111988","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61111988","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_29","type":"source","study":"Wang 2026","year":2026,"doi":"10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.125.26572","url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.125.26572","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_30","type":"source","study":"Han 2026","year":2026,"doi":"10.1155/cdr/2106637","url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/cdr/2106637","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_31","type":"source","study":"Li 2024","year":2024,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0297854","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297854","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_32","type":"source","study":"Nicholls 2025","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s40256-025-00753-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40256-025-00753-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_33","type":"source","study":"Wang 2026b","year":2026,"doi":"10.3389/fphar.2026.1758890","url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1758890","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_34","type":"source","study":"Halloway 2025","year":2025,"doi":"10.1002/alz.70731","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.70731","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_35","type":"source","study":"Mokhsin 2026","year":2026,"doi":"10.1097/MD.0000000000048546","url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000048546","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_36","type":"source","study":"Collazo 2025","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-24874-8","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-24874-8","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_37","type":"source","study":"Ormiston 2025","year":2025,"doi":"10.1111/cts.70236","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cts.70236","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_38","type":"source","study":"Erdogan 2025","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-03197-z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-025-03197-z","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_39","type":"source","study":"Gideon 2026","year":2026,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1655896","url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1655896","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_40","type":"source","study":"Leaovitavat 2026","year":2026,"doi":"10.1155/bmri/8739655","url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/bmri/8739655","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_41","type":"source","study":"Ni 2025","year":2025,"doi":"10.3389/fcvm.2025.1626523","url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1626523","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_42","type":"source","study":"Karpouzas 2026","year":2026,"doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006420","url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006420","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_43","type":"source","study":"Parizad 2026","year":2026,"doi":"10.2147/VHRM.S590502","url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VHRM.S590502","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_44","type":"source","study":"Pinto-Leite 2025","year":2025,"doi":"10.3390/nu17060943","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17060943","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_45","type":"source","study":"Mojahedi 2025","year":2025,"doi":"10.31083/RCM42784","url":"https://doi.org/10.31083/RCM42784","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_46","type":"source","study":"Serio 2025","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s40292-025-00732-x","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-025-00732-x","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_47","type":"source","study":"Ray 2025","year":2025,"doi":"10.2174/011573403X345749250122092324","url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011573403X345749250122092324","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_48","type":"source","study":"Nguyen 2025","year":2025,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0325651","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0325651","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_49","type":"source","study":"Hassan 2026","year":2026,"doi":"10.1097/MD.0000000000046189","url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000046189","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_50","type":"source","study":"Bohannon 1997","year":null,"doi":"10.1093/ageing/26.1.15","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/26.1.15","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"citation"},{"id":"source_51","type":"source","study":"Cruz-Jentoft 2019","year":null,"doi":"10.1093/ageing/afy169","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afy169","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"citation"},{"id":"source_52","type":"source","study":"Schulz 2010","year":null,"doi":"10.1136/bmj.c332","url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c332","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"citation"},{"id":"source_53","type":"source","study":"Ioannidis 2005","year":null,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"citation"}],"edges":[{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_1","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_2","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_3","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_4","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_5","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_6","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_7","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_8","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_9","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_10","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_11","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_12","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_13","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_14","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_15","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_16","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_17","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_18","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_19","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_20","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_21","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_22","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_23","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_24","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_25","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_26","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_27","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_28","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_29","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"1902d5a5-6019-42ed-9023-004a0ae15784","to":"claim_30","type":"contains_claim"}],"screening":{"identified":49,"screened":49,"excluded":0,"included":49,"included_or_retained":49,"flow":["identified","screened","excluded_with_reasons","included"],"wording":"49 candidate receipts retained after source retrieval, deduplication, and topic filtering. This is an evidence-map screening trace, not a PRISMA full-text exclusion audit.","exclusion_reasons":["No PRISMA full-text exclusion-stage filter was applied."]}}