{"publication_id":"ba5db8d2-cb82-4c8c-9e0f-d9b682baf215","traces":[{"claim_id":"claim_1","claim":"This paper synthesizes evidence on physical exercise effects across 55 accepted source papers and 2160 high-confidence extracted claims. The evidence profile contains 11 direct clinical sources, 44 adjacent, review, or context sources, and no sources classified primarily as mechanistic or model-system evidence, with a high-density pairwise disagreement map across the evidence base. Positive study-level signals are summarized in the safety and comorbidity, deficiency prevalence, contextual adjacent evidence outcome classes, null signals in the contextual adjacent evidence, cognitive and muscle function outcome classes, and negative signals in the contextual adjacent evidence outcome class. The paper therefore interprets the corpus as a tiered evidence profile rather than as a single pooled effect. The conclusion is that physical exercise effects remains a bounded geroscience case: the retained direct, adjacent, and context evidence profile defines the scope for targeted testing, while mixed and null findings limit any unqualified anti-aging claim. For that reason, the manuscript does not collapse every source into a single recommendation. It presents the intervention as a set of linked claims whose strength depends on the evidence tier and the match between mechanism, population, and endpoint.","citation_support":[],"candidate_sources":[{"study":"Effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Bernal 2025","excerpt":"During the climacteric period, the decline in ovarian hormones leads to changes in the lipid profile. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological recommendation for controlling lipid levels. However, the effects on the lipid profile in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are incipient and inconclusive. In this context, we searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials on the effects of exercise on the lipid profile of these women. We excluded studies that did not specify criteria for classifying the climacteric phase, that involved women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, or that examined combined treatments or acute effects of physical exercise. The meta-analysis indicated that general physical exercise increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean difference [MD]=4.89; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.97 to 8.81) in perimenopausal women. For obese postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of aerobic training increased HDL-C levels (MD=3.88; 95%CI=0.56 to 7.20) and reduced total cholesterol (MD=-22.36; 95%CI=-29.67 to -15.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD=-17.86; 95%CI=-25.","source_id":"source_1","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSED BY CLDQ OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"CORREA 2025","excerpt":"OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: the sample included controlled and randomized experimental studies of individuals with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who performed any type of physical exercise compared to any other intervention or no intervention, with quality of life as the outcome assessed by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). The search for articles was conducted in 11 databases. The descriptors considered for the search were physical exercise, quality of life, liver cirrhosis, and their synonyms. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Jadad scale and the RoB 2 scale, respectively. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis of the data. Quality of life was considered a continuous variable. The mean difference was considered as the effect measure. The analysis model was fixed-effect. The confidence level adopted was .05. The level of evidence for the meta-analysis results was assessed using the GRADE tool.","source_id":"source_2","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Tozo 2025","excerpt":"AIMS: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11).","source_id":"source_3","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of physical exercise in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Martin-Sanchez 2025","excerpt":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on key clinical outcomes (such as quality of life (QoL), aerobic capacity, fatigue, and muscle strength) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to April 2025. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Pedro scale and the Risk-Of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (ROB2.0) respectively. RESULTS: An initial search retrieved 5217 articles. Finally, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Exercise showed a small, non-significant effect on QoL (SMD = 0.23; p = 0.072), and a significant moderate effect on functional capacity (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.002). No significant effects were found on fatigue (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.819) or handgrip strength (SMD = 0.21; p = 0.201), although a large and significant effect was observed for lower limb strength (SMD = 1.48; p < 0.001).","source_id":"source_4","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"indirect","cited_as":"Cabo 2025","excerpt":"Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures.","source_id":"source_5","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_2","claim":"This paper synthesizes evidence on physical exercise effects across 55 accepted source papers and 2160 high-confidence extracted claims.","citation_support":[],"candidate_sources":[{"study":"Effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Bernal 2025","excerpt":"During the climacteric period, the decline in ovarian hormones leads to changes in the lipid profile. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological recommendation for controlling lipid levels. However, the effects on the lipid profile in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are incipient and inconclusive. In this context, we searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials on the effects of exercise on the lipid profile of these women. We excluded studies that did not specify criteria for classifying the climacteric phase, that involved women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, or that examined combined treatments or acute effects of physical exercise. The meta-analysis indicated that general physical exercise increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean difference [MD]=4.89; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.97 to 8.81) in perimenopausal women. For obese postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of aerobic training increased HDL-C levels (MD=3.88; 95%CI=0.56 to 7.20) and reduced total cholesterol (MD=-22.36; 95%CI=-29.67 to -15.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD=-17.86; 95%CI=-25.","source_id":"source_1","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSED BY CLDQ OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"CORREA 2025","excerpt":"OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: the sample included controlled and randomized experimental studies of individuals with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who performed any type of physical exercise compared to any other intervention or no intervention, with quality of life as the outcome assessed by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). The search for articles was conducted in 11 databases. The descriptors considered for the search were physical exercise, quality of life, liver cirrhosis, and their synonyms. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Jadad scale and the RoB 2 scale, respectively. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis of the data. Quality of life was considered a continuous variable. The mean difference was considered as the effect measure. The analysis model was fixed-effect. The confidence level adopted was .05. The level of evidence for the meta-analysis results was assessed using the GRADE tool.","source_id":"source_2","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Tozo 2025","excerpt":"AIMS: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11).","source_id":"source_3","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of physical exercise in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Martin-Sanchez 2025","excerpt":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on key clinical outcomes (such as quality of life (QoL), aerobic capacity, fatigue, and muscle strength) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to April 2025. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Pedro scale and the Risk-Of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (ROB2.0) respectively. RESULTS: An initial search retrieved 5217 articles. Finally, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Exercise showed a small, non-significant effect on QoL (SMD = 0.23; p = 0.072), and a significant moderate effect on functional capacity (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.002). No significant effects were found on fatigue (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.819) or handgrip strength (SMD = 0.21; p = 0.201), although a large and significant effect was observed for lower limb strength (SMD = 1.48; p < 0.001).","source_id":"source_4","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"indirect","cited_as":"Cabo 2025","excerpt":"Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures.","source_id":"source_5","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_3","claim":"The evidence profile contains 11 direct clinical sources, 44 adjacent, review, or context sources, and no sources classified primarily as mechanistic or model-system evidence, with a high-density pairwise disagreement map across the evidence base.","citation_support":[],"candidate_sources":[{"study":"Effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Bernal 2025","excerpt":"During the climacteric period, the decline in ovarian hormones leads to changes in the lipid profile. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological recommendation for controlling lipid levels. However, the effects on the lipid profile in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are incipient and inconclusive. In this context, we searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials on the effects of exercise on the lipid profile of these women. We excluded studies that did not specify criteria for classifying the climacteric phase, that involved women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, or that examined combined treatments or acute effects of physical exercise. The meta-analysis indicated that general physical exercise increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean difference [MD]=4.89; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.97 to 8.81) in perimenopausal women. For obese postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of aerobic training increased HDL-C levels (MD=3.88; 95%CI=0.56 to 7.20) and reduced total cholesterol (MD=-22.36; 95%CI=-29.67 to -15.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD=-17.86; 95%CI=-25.","source_id":"source_1","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSED BY CLDQ OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"CORREA 2025","excerpt":"OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: the sample included controlled and randomized experimental studies of individuals with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who performed any type of physical exercise compared to any other intervention or no intervention, with quality of life as the outcome assessed by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). The search for articles was conducted in 11 databases. The descriptors considered for the search were physical exercise, quality of life, liver cirrhosis, and their synonyms. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Jadad scale and the RoB 2 scale, respectively. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis of the data. Quality of life was considered a continuous variable. The mean difference was considered as the effect measure. The analysis model was fixed-effect. The confidence level adopted was .05. The level of evidence for the meta-analysis results was assessed using the GRADE tool.","source_id":"source_2","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Tozo 2025","excerpt":"AIMS: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11).","source_id":"source_3","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of physical exercise in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Martin-Sanchez 2025","excerpt":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on key clinical outcomes (such as quality of life (QoL), aerobic capacity, fatigue, and muscle strength) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to April 2025. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Pedro scale and the Risk-Of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (ROB2.0) respectively. RESULTS: An initial search retrieved 5217 articles. Finally, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Exercise showed a small, non-significant effect on QoL (SMD = 0.23; p = 0.072), and a significant moderate effect on functional capacity (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.002). No significant effects were found on fatigue (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.819) or handgrip strength (SMD = 0.21; p = 0.201), although a large and significant effect was observed for lower limb strength (SMD = 1.48; p < 0.001).","source_id":"source_4","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"indirect","cited_as":"Cabo 2025","excerpt":"Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures.","source_id":"source_5","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_4","claim":"Positive study-level signals are summarized in the safety and comorbidity, deficiency prevalence, contextual adjacent evidence outcome classes, null signals in the contextual adjacent evidence, cognitive and muscle function outcome classes, and negative signals in the contextual adjacent evidence outcome class. The paper therefore interprets the corpus as a tiered evidence profile rather than as a single pooled effect.","citation_support":[],"candidate_sources":[{"study":"Effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Bernal 2025","excerpt":"During the climacteric period, the decline in ovarian hormones leads to changes in the lipid profile. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological recommendation for controlling lipid levels. However, the effects on the lipid profile in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are incipient and inconclusive. In this context, we searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials on the effects of exercise on the lipid profile of these women. We excluded studies that did not specify criteria for classifying the climacteric phase, that involved women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, or that examined combined treatments or acute effects of physical exercise. The meta-analysis indicated that general physical exercise increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean difference [MD]=4.89; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.97 to 8.81) in perimenopausal women. For obese postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of aerobic training increased HDL-C levels (MD=3.88; 95%CI=0.56 to 7.20) and reduced total cholesterol (MD=-22.36; 95%CI=-29.67 to -15.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD=-17.86; 95%CI=-25.","source_id":"source_1","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSED BY CLDQ OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"CORREA 2025","excerpt":"OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: the sample included controlled and randomized experimental studies of individuals with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who performed any type of physical exercise compared to any other intervention or no intervention, with quality of life as the outcome assessed by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). The search for articles was conducted in 11 databases. The descriptors considered for the search were physical exercise, quality of life, liver cirrhosis, and their synonyms. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Jadad scale and the RoB 2 scale, respectively. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis of the data. Quality of life was considered a continuous variable. The mean difference was considered as the effect measure. The analysis model was fixed-effect. The confidence level adopted was .05. The level of evidence for the meta-analysis results was assessed using the GRADE tool.","source_id":"source_2","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Tozo 2025","excerpt":"AIMS: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11).","source_id":"source_3","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of physical exercise in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Martin-Sanchez 2025","excerpt":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on key clinical outcomes (such as quality of life (QoL), aerobic capacity, fatigue, and muscle strength) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to April 2025. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Pedro scale and the Risk-Of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (ROB2.0) respectively. RESULTS: An initial search retrieved 5217 articles. Finally, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Exercise showed a small, non-significant effect on QoL (SMD = 0.23; p = 0.072), and a significant moderate effect on functional capacity (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.002). No significant effects were found on fatigue (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.819) or handgrip strength (SMD = 0.21; p = 0.201), although a large and significant effect was observed for lower limb strength (SMD = 1.48; p < 0.001).","source_id":"source_4","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"indirect","cited_as":"Cabo 2025","excerpt":"Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures.","source_id":"source_5","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_5","claim":"The conclusion is that physical exercise effects remains a bounded geroscience case: the retained direct, adjacent, and context evidence profile defines the scope for targeted testing, while mixed and null findings limit any unqualified anti-aging claim.","citation_support":[],"candidate_sources":[{"study":"Effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Bernal 2025","excerpt":"During the climacteric period, the decline in ovarian hormones leads to changes in the lipid profile. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological recommendation for controlling lipid levels. However, the effects on the lipid profile in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are incipient and inconclusive. In this context, we searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials on the effects of exercise on the lipid profile of these women. We excluded studies that did not specify criteria for classifying the climacteric phase, that involved women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, or that examined combined treatments or acute effects of physical exercise. The meta-analysis indicated that general physical exercise increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean difference [MD]=4.89; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.97 to 8.81) in perimenopausal women. For obese postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of aerobic training increased HDL-C levels (MD=3.88; 95%CI=0.56 to 7.20) and reduced total cholesterol (MD=-22.36; 95%CI=-29.67 to -15.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD=-17.86; 95%CI=-25.","source_id":"source_1","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSED BY CLDQ OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"CORREA 2025","excerpt":"OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: the sample included controlled and randomized experimental studies of individuals with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who performed any type of physical exercise compared to any other intervention or no intervention, with quality of life as the outcome assessed by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). The search for articles was conducted in 11 databases. The descriptors considered for the search were physical exercise, quality of life, liver cirrhosis, and their synonyms. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Jadad scale and the RoB 2 scale, respectively. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis of the data. Quality of life was considered a continuous variable. The mean difference was considered as the effect measure. The analysis model was fixed-effect. The confidence level adopted was .05. The level of evidence for the meta-analysis results was assessed using the GRADE tool.","source_id":"source_2","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Tozo 2025","excerpt":"AIMS: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11).","source_id":"source_3","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of physical exercise in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Martin-Sanchez 2025","excerpt":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on key clinical outcomes (such as quality of life (QoL), aerobic capacity, fatigue, and muscle strength) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to April 2025. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Pedro scale and the Risk-Of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (ROB2.0) respectively. RESULTS: An initial search retrieved 5217 articles. Finally, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Exercise showed a small, non-significant effect on QoL (SMD = 0.23; p = 0.072), and a significant moderate effect on functional capacity (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.002). No significant effects were found on fatigue (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.819) or handgrip strength (SMD = 0.21; p = 0.201), although a large and significant effect was observed for lower limb strength (SMD = 1.48; p < 0.001).","source_id":"source_4","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"indirect","cited_as":"Cabo 2025","excerpt":"Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures.","source_id":"source_5","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_6","claim":"For that reason, the manuscript does not collapse every source into a single recommendation. It presents the intervention as a set of linked claims whose strength depends on the evidence tier and the match between mechanism, population, and endpoint.","citation_support":[],"candidate_sources":[{"study":"Effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Bernal 2025","excerpt":"During the climacteric period, the decline in ovarian hormones leads to changes in the lipid profile. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological recommendation for controlling lipid levels. However, the effects on the lipid profile in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are incipient and inconclusive. In this context, we searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials on the effects of exercise on the lipid profile of these women. We excluded studies that did not specify criteria for classifying the climacteric phase, that involved women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, or that examined combined treatments or acute effects of physical exercise. The meta-analysis indicated that general physical exercise increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean difference [MD]=4.89; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.97 to 8.81) in perimenopausal women. For obese postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of aerobic training increased HDL-C levels (MD=3.88; 95%CI=0.56 to 7.20) and reduced total cholesterol (MD=-22.36; 95%CI=-29.67 to -15.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD=-17.86; 95%CI=-25.","source_id":"source_1","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSED BY CLDQ OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"CORREA 2025","excerpt":"OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: the sample included controlled and randomized experimental studies of individuals with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who performed any type of physical exercise compared to any other intervention or no intervention, with quality of life as the outcome assessed by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). The search for articles was conducted in 11 databases. The descriptors considered for the search were physical exercise, quality of life, liver cirrhosis, and their synonyms. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Jadad scale and the RoB 2 scale, respectively. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis of the data. Quality of life was considered a continuous variable. The mean difference was considered as the effect measure. The analysis model was fixed-effect. The confidence level adopted was .05. The level of evidence for the meta-analysis results was assessed using the GRADE tool.","source_id":"source_2","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Tozo 2025","excerpt":"AIMS: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11).","source_id":"source_3","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of physical exercise in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Martin-Sanchez 2025","excerpt":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on key clinical outcomes (such as quality of life (QoL), aerobic capacity, fatigue, and muscle strength) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to April 2025. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Pedro scale and the Risk-Of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (ROB2.0) respectively. RESULTS: An initial search retrieved 5217 articles. Finally, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Exercise showed a small, non-significant effect on QoL (SMD = 0.23; p = 0.072), and a significant moderate effect on functional capacity (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.002). No significant effects were found on fatigue (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.819) or handgrip strength (SMD = 0.21; p = 0.201), although a large and significant effect was observed for lower limb strength (SMD = 1.48; p < 0.001).","source_id":"source_4","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"indirect","cited_as":"Cabo 2025","excerpt":"Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures.","source_id":"source_5","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_7","claim":"This synthesis evaluates evidence on physical exercise effects across 55 included source papers and 2160 high-confidence extracted claims. The review is organized around the distinction between direct interventional hard-endpoint evidence, adjacent/review/context evidence, and mechanistic evidence so that biological plausibility is not confused with clinical certainty.","citation_support":[],"candidate_sources":[{"study":"Effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Bernal 2025","excerpt":"During the climacteric period, the decline in ovarian hormones leads to changes in the lipid profile. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological recommendation for controlling lipid levels. However, the effects on the lipid profile in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are incipient and inconclusive. In this context, we searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials on the effects of exercise on the lipid profile of these women. We excluded studies that did not specify criteria for classifying the climacteric phase, that involved women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, or that examined combined treatments or acute effects of physical exercise. The meta-analysis indicated that general physical exercise increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean difference [MD]=4.89; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.97 to 8.81) in perimenopausal women. For obese postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of aerobic training increased HDL-C levels (MD=3.88; 95%CI=0.56 to 7.20) and reduced total cholesterol (MD=-22.36; 95%CI=-29.67 to -15.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD=-17.86; 95%CI=-25.","source_id":"source_1","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSED BY CLDQ OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"CORREA 2025","excerpt":"OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: the sample included controlled and randomized experimental studies of individuals with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who performed any type of physical exercise compared to any other intervention or no intervention, with quality of life as the outcome assessed by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). The search for articles was conducted in 11 databases. The descriptors considered for the search were physical exercise, quality of life, liver cirrhosis, and their synonyms. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Jadad scale and the RoB 2 scale, respectively. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis of the data. Quality of life was considered a continuous variable. The mean difference was considered as the effect measure. The analysis model was fixed-effect. The confidence level adopted was .05. The level of evidence for the meta-analysis results was assessed using the GRADE tool.","source_id":"source_2","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Tozo 2025","excerpt":"AIMS: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11).","source_id":"source_3","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of physical exercise in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Martin-Sanchez 2025","excerpt":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on key clinical outcomes (such as quality of life (QoL), aerobic capacity, fatigue, and muscle strength) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to April 2025. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Pedro scale and the Risk-Of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (ROB2.0) respectively. RESULTS: An initial search retrieved 5217 articles. Finally, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Exercise showed a small, non-significant effect on QoL (SMD = 0.23; p = 0.072), and a significant moderate effect on functional capacity (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.002). No significant effects were found on fatigue (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.819) or handgrip strength (SMD = 0.21; p = 0.201), although a large and significant effect was observed for lower limb strength (SMD = 1.48; p < 0.001).","source_id":"source_4","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"indirect","cited_as":"Cabo 2025","excerpt":"Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures.","source_id":"source_5","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_8","claim":"The corpus contains 11 direct clinical sources, 44 adjacent, review, or context sources, and no sources classified primarily as mechanistic or model-system evidence. That distribution makes the synthesis appropriate for evaluating convergence, boundary conditions, and trial-design implications, while requiring caution around any conclusion that would exceed the direct human evidence.","citation_support":[],"candidate_sources":[{"study":"Effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Bernal 2025","excerpt":"During the climacteric period, the decline in ovarian hormones leads to changes in the lipid profile. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological recommendation for controlling lipid levels. However, the effects on the lipid profile in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are incipient and inconclusive. In this context, we searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials on the effects of exercise on the lipid profile of these women. We excluded studies that did not specify criteria for classifying the climacteric phase, that involved women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, or that examined combined treatments or acute effects of physical exercise. The meta-analysis indicated that general physical exercise increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean difference [MD]=4.89; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.97 to 8.81) in perimenopausal women. For obese postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of aerobic training increased HDL-C levels (MD=3.88; 95%CI=0.56 to 7.20) and reduced total cholesterol (MD=-22.36; 95%CI=-29.67 to -15.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD=-17.86; 95%CI=-25.","source_id":"source_1","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSED BY CLDQ OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"CORREA 2025","excerpt":"OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: the sample included controlled and randomized experimental studies of individuals with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who performed any type of physical exercise compared to any other intervention or no intervention, with quality of life as the outcome assessed by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). The search for articles was conducted in 11 databases. The descriptors considered for the search were physical exercise, quality of life, liver cirrhosis, and their synonyms. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Jadad scale and the RoB 2 scale, respectively. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis of the data. Quality of life was considered a continuous variable. The mean difference was considered as the effect measure. The analysis model was fixed-effect. The confidence level adopted was .05. The level of evidence for the meta-analysis results was assessed using the GRADE tool.","source_id":"source_2","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Tozo 2025","excerpt":"AIMS: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11).","source_id":"source_3","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of physical exercise in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Martin-Sanchez 2025","excerpt":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on key clinical outcomes (such as quality of life (QoL), aerobic capacity, fatigue, and muscle strength) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to April 2025. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Pedro scale and the Risk-Of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (ROB2.0) respectively. RESULTS: An initial search retrieved 5217 articles. Finally, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Exercise showed a small, non-significant effect on QoL (SMD = 0.23; p = 0.072), and a significant moderate effect on functional capacity (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.002). No significant effects were found on fatigue (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.819) or handgrip strength (SMD = 0.21; p = 0.201), although a large and significant effect was observed for lower limb strength (SMD = 1.48; p < 0.001).","source_id":"source_4","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"indirect","cited_as":"Cabo 2025","excerpt":"Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures.","source_id":"source_5","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_9","claim":"The introductory frame therefore treats the corpus as a set of evidence roles rather than a single directional verdict. Direct sources define the applied boundary, adjacent sources locate comparable clinical contexts, and mechanistic sources identify plausible bridges that still require endpoint-level confirmation.","citation_support":[],"candidate_sources":[{"study":"Effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Bernal 2025","excerpt":"During the climacteric period, the decline in ovarian hormones leads to changes in the lipid profile. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological recommendation for controlling lipid levels. However, the effects on the lipid profile in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are incipient and inconclusive. In this context, we searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials on the effects of exercise on the lipid profile of these women. We excluded studies that did not specify criteria for classifying the climacteric phase, that involved women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, or that examined combined treatments or acute effects of physical exercise. The meta-analysis indicated that general physical exercise increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean difference [MD]=4.89; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.97 to 8.81) in perimenopausal women. For obese postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of aerobic training increased HDL-C levels (MD=3.88; 95%CI=0.56 to 7.20) and reduced total cholesterol (MD=-22.36; 95%CI=-29.67 to -15.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD=-17.86; 95%CI=-25.","source_id":"source_1","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSED BY CLDQ OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"CORREA 2025","excerpt":"OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: the sample included controlled and randomized experimental studies of individuals with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who performed any type of physical exercise compared to any other intervention or no intervention, with quality of life as the outcome assessed by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). The search for articles was conducted in 11 databases. The descriptors considered for the search were physical exercise, quality of life, liver cirrhosis, and their synonyms. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Jadad scale and the RoB 2 scale, respectively. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis of the data. Quality of life was considered a continuous variable. The mean difference was considered as the effect measure. The analysis model was fixed-effect. The confidence level adopted was .05. The level of evidence for the meta-analysis results was assessed using the GRADE tool.","source_id":"source_2","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Tozo 2025","excerpt":"AIMS: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11).","source_id":"source_3","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of physical exercise in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Martin-Sanchez 2025","excerpt":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on key clinical outcomes (such as quality of life (QoL), aerobic capacity, fatigue, and muscle strength) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to April 2025. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Pedro scale and the Risk-Of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (ROB2.0) respectively. RESULTS: An initial search retrieved 5217 articles. Finally, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Exercise showed a small, non-significant effect on QoL (SMD = 0.23; p = 0.072), and a significant moderate effect on functional capacity (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.002). No significant effects were found on fatigue (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.819) or handgrip strength (SMD = 0.21; p = 0.201), although a large and significant effect was observed for lower limb strength (SMD = 1.48; p < 0.001).","source_id":"source_4","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"indirect","cited_as":"Cabo 2025","excerpt":"Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures.","source_id":"source_5","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_10","claim":"This distinction matters for publication because it makes the paper falsifiable. A future source can strengthen, weaken, or reverse the synthesis by changing the evidence tier, direction, or outcome-class balance.","citation_support":[],"candidate_sources":[{"study":"Effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Bernal 2025","excerpt":"During the climacteric period, the decline in ovarian hormones leads to changes in the lipid profile. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological recommendation for controlling lipid levels. However, the effects on the lipid profile in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are incipient and inconclusive. In this context, we searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials on the effects of exercise on the lipid profile of these women. We excluded studies that did not specify criteria for classifying the climacteric phase, that involved women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, or that examined combined treatments or acute effects of physical exercise. The meta-analysis indicated that general physical exercise increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean difference [MD]=4.89; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.97 to 8.81) in perimenopausal women. For obese postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of aerobic training increased HDL-C levels (MD=3.88; 95%CI=0.56 to 7.20) and reduced total cholesterol (MD=-22.36; 95%CI=-29.67 to -15.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD=-17.86; 95%CI=-25.","source_id":"source_1","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSED BY CLDQ OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"CORREA 2025","excerpt":"OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: the sample included controlled and randomized experimental studies of individuals with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who performed any type of physical exercise compared to any other intervention or no intervention, with quality of life as the outcome assessed by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). The search for articles was conducted in 11 databases. The descriptors considered for the search were physical exercise, quality of life, liver cirrhosis, and their synonyms. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Jadad scale and the RoB 2 scale, respectively. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis of the data. Quality of life was considered a continuous variable. The mean difference was considered as the effect measure. The analysis model was fixed-effect. The confidence level adopted was .05. The level of evidence for the meta-analysis results was assessed using the GRADE tool.","source_id":"source_2","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Tozo 2025","excerpt":"AIMS: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11).","source_id":"source_3","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of physical exercise in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Martin-Sanchez 2025","excerpt":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on key clinical outcomes (such as quality of life (QoL), aerobic capacity, fatigue, and muscle strength) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to April 2025. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Pedro scale and the Risk-Of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (ROB2.0) respectively. RESULTS: An initial search retrieved 5217 articles. Finally, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Exercise showed a small, non-significant effect on QoL (SMD = 0.23; p = 0.072), and a significant moderate effect on functional capacity (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.002). No significant effects were found on fatigue (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.819) or handgrip strength (SMD = 0.21; p = 0.201), although a large and significant effect was observed for lower limb strength (SMD = 1.48; p < 0.001).","source_id":"source_4","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"indirect","cited_as":"Cabo 2025","excerpt":"Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures.","source_id":"source_5","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_11","claim":"The mechanistic layer is most useful when it explains why a trial signal might appear or fail to appear. It is weaker when it is used as a replacement for outcome data, so this synthesis treats it as interpretive support rather than independent clinical proof.","citation_support":[],"candidate_sources":[{"study":"Effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Bernal 2025","excerpt":"During the climacteric period, the decline in ovarian hormones leads to changes in the lipid profile. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological recommendation for controlling lipid levels. However, the effects on the lipid profile in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are incipient and inconclusive. In this context, we searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials on the effects of exercise on the lipid profile of these women. We excluded studies that did not specify criteria for classifying the climacteric phase, that involved women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, or that examined combined treatments or acute effects of physical exercise. The meta-analysis indicated that general physical exercise increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean difference [MD]=4.89; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.97 to 8.81) in perimenopausal women. For obese postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of aerobic training increased HDL-C levels (MD=3.88; 95%CI=0.56 to 7.20) and reduced total cholesterol (MD=-22.36; 95%CI=-29.67 to -15.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD=-17.86; 95%CI=-25.","source_id":"source_1","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSED BY CLDQ OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"CORREA 2025","excerpt":"OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: the sample included controlled and randomized experimental studies of individuals with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who performed any type of physical exercise compared to any other intervention or no intervention, with quality of life as the outcome assessed by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). The search for articles was conducted in 11 databases. The descriptors considered for the search were physical exercise, quality of life, liver cirrhosis, and their synonyms. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Jadad scale and the RoB 2 scale, respectively. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis of the data. Quality of life was considered a continuous variable. The mean difference was considered as the effect measure. The analysis model was fixed-effect. The confidence level adopted was .05. The level of evidence for the meta-analysis results was assessed using the GRADE tool.","source_id":"source_2","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Tozo 2025","excerpt":"AIMS: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11).","source_id":"source_3","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of physical exercise in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Martin-Sanchez 2025","excerpt":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on key clinical outcomes (such as quality of life (QoL), aerobic capacity, fatigue, and muscle strength) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to April 2025. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Pedro scale and the Risk-Of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (ROB2.0) respectively. RESULTS: An initial search retrieved 5217 articles. Finally, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Exercise showed a small, non-significant effect on QoL (SMD = 0.23; p = 0.072), and a significant moderate effect on functional capacity (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.002). No significant effects were found on fatigue (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.819) or handgrip strength (SMD = 0.21; p = 0.201), although a large and significant effect was observed for lower limb strength (SMD = 1.48; p < 0.001).","source_id":"source_4","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"indirect","cited_as":"Cabo 2025","excerpt":"Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures.","source_id":"source_5","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_12","claim":"Null findings have a specific role in this evidence model. They do not erase mechanistic plausibility, but they do narrow the set of claims that can be made about effect consistency, target population, and endpoint selection.","citation_support":[],"candidate_sources":[{"study":"Effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Bernal 2025","excerpt":"During the climacteric period, the decline in ovarian hormones leads to changes in the lipid profile. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological recommendation for controlling lipid levels. However, the effects on the lipid profile in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are incipient and inconclusive. In this context, we searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials on the effects of exercise on the lipid profile of these women. We excluded studies that did not specify criteria for classifying the climacteric phase, that involved women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, or that examined combined treatments or acute effects of physical exercise. The meta-analysis indicated that general physical exercise increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean difference [MD]=4.89; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.97 to 8.81) in perimenopausal women. For obese postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of aerobic training increased HDL-C levels (MD=3.88; 95%CI=0.56 to 7.20) and reduced total cholesterol (MD=-22.36; 95%CI=-29.67 to -15.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD=-17.86; 95%CI=-25.","source_id":"source_1","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSED BY CLDQ OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"CORREA 2025","excerpt":"OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: the sample included controlled and randomized experimental studies of individuals with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who performed any type of physical exercise compared to any other intervention or no intervention, with quality of life as the outcome assessed by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). The search for articles was conducted in 11 databases. The descriptors considered for the search were physical exercise, quality of life, liver cirrhosis, and their synonyms. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Jadad scale and the RoB 2 scale, respectively. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis of the data. Quality of life was considered a continuous variable. The mean difference was considered as the effect measure. The analysis model was fixed-effect. The confidence level adopted was .05. The level of evidence for the meta-analysis results was assessed using the GRADE tool.","source_id":"source_2","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Tozo 2025","excerpt":"AIMS: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11).","source_id":"source_3","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of physical exercise in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Martin-Sanchez 2025","excerpt":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on key clinical outcomes (such as quality of life (QoL), aerobic capacity, fatigue, and muscle strength) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to April 2025. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Pedro scale and the Risk-Of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (ROB2.0) respectively. RESULTS: An initial search retrieved 5217 articles. Finally, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Exercise showed a small, non-significant effect on QoL (SMD = 0.23; p = 0.072), and a significant moderate effect on functional capacity (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.002). No significant effects were found on fatigue (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.819) or handgrip strength (SMD = 0.21; p = 0.201), although a large and significant effect was observed for lower limb strength (SMD = 1.48; p < 0.001).","source_id":"source_4","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"indirect","cited_as":"Cabo 2025","excerpt":"Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures.","source_id":"source_5","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_13","claim":"Adverse or negative signals are likewise retained in the main interpretation. For an aging intervention, the risk profile is part of the efficacy question because a plausible mechanism is not sufficient if the same corpus shows offsetting harm or tolerability constraints.","citation_support":[],"candidate_sources":[{"study":"Effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Bernal 2025","excerpt":"During the climacteric period, the decline in ovarian hormones leads to changes in the lipid profile. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological recommendation for controlling lipid levels. However, the effects on the lipid profile in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are incipient and inconclusive. In this context, we searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials on the effects of exercise on the lipid profile of these women. We excluded studies that did not specify criteria for classifying the climacteric phase, that involved women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, or that examined combined treatments or acute effects of physical exercise. The meta-analysis indicated that general physical exercise increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean difference [MD]=4.89; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.97 to 8.81) in perimenopausal women. For obese postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of aerobic training increased HDL-C levels (MD=3.88; 95%CI=0.56 to 7.20) and reduced total cholesterol (MD=-22.36; 95%CI=-29.67 to -15.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD=-17.86; 95%CI=-25.","source_id":"source_1","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSED BY CLDQ OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"CORREA 2025","excerpt":"OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: the sample included controlled and randomized experimental studies of individuals with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who performed any type of physical exercise compared to any other intervention or no intervention, with quality of life as the outcome assessed by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). The search for articles was conducted in 11 databases. The descriptors considered for the search were physical exercise, quality of life, liver cirrhosis, and their synonyms. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Jadad scale and the RoB 2 scale, respectively. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis of the data. Quality of life was considered a continuous variable. The mean difference was considered as the effect measure. The analysis model was fixed-effect. The confidence level adopted was .05. The level of evidence for the meta-analysis results was assessed using the GRADE tool.","source_id":"source_2","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Tozo 2025","excerpt":"AIMS: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11).","source_id":"source_3","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of physical exercise in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Martin-Sanchez 2025","excerpt":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on key clinical outcomes (such as quality of life (QoL), aerobic capacity, fatigue, and muscle strength) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to April 2025. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Pedro scale and the Risk-Of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (ROB2.0) respectively. RESULTS: An initial search retrieved 5217 articles. Finally, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Exercise showed a small, non-significant effect on QoL (SMD = 0.23; p = 0.072), and a significant moderate effect on functional capacity (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.002). No significant effects were found on fatigue (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.819) or handgrip strength (SMD = 0.21; p = 0.201), although a large and significant effect was observed for lower limb strength (SMD = 1.48; p < 0.001).","source_id":"source_4","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"indirect","cited_as":"Cabo 2025","excerpt":"Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures.","source_id":"source_5","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_14","claim":"The evidence base also distinguishes breadth from certainty. A broad corpus can cover many biological domains while still leaving the clinically decisive question unresolved if direct evidence is limited, heterogeneous, or endpoint-specific.","citation_support":[],"candidate_sources":[{"study":"Effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Bernal 2025","excerpt":"During the climacteric period, the decline in ovarian hormones leads to changes in the lipid profile. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological recommendation for controlling lipid levels. However, the effects on the lipid profile in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are incipient and inconclusive. In this context, we searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials on the effects of exercise on the lipid profile of these women. We excluded studies that did not specify criteria for classifying the climacteric phase, that involved women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, or that examined combined treatments or acute effects of physical exercise. The meta-analysis indicated that general physical exercise increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean difference [MD]=4.89; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.97 to 8.81) in perimenopausal women. For obese postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of aerobic training increased HDL-C levels (MD=3.88; 95%CI=0.56 to 7.20) and reduced total cholesterol (MD=-22.36; 95%CI=-29.67 to -15.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD=-17.86; 95%CI=-25.","source_id":"source_1","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSED BY CLDQ OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"CORREA 2025","excerpt":"OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: the sample included controlled and randomized experimental studies of individuals with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who performed any type of physical exercise compared to any other intervention or no intervention, with quality of life as the outcome assessed by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). The search for articles was conducted in 11 databases. The descriptors considered for the search were physical exercise, quality of life, liver cirrhosis, and their synonyms. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Jadad scale and the RoB 2 scale, respectively. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis of the data. Quality of life was considered a continuous variable. The mean difference was considered as the effect measure. The analysis model was fixed-effect. The confidence level adopted was .05. The level of evidence for the meta-analysis results was assessed using the GRADE tool.","source_id":"source_2","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Tozo 2025","excerpt":"AIMS: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11).","source_id":"source_3","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of physical exercise in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Martin-Sanchez 2025","excerpt":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on key clinical outcomes (such as quality of life (QoL), aerobic capacity, fatigue, and muscle strength) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to April 2025. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Pedro scale and the Risk-Of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (ROB2.0) respectively. RESULTS: An initial search retrieved 5217 articles. Finally, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Exercise showed a small, non-significant effect on QoL (SMD = 0.23; p = 0.072), and a significant moderate effect on functional capacity (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.002). No significant effects were found on fatigue (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.819) or handgrip strength (SMD = 0.21; p = 0.201), although a large and significant effect was observed for lower limb strength (SMD = 1.48; p < 0.001).","source_id":"source_4","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"indirect","cited_as":"Cabo 2025","excerpt":"Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures.","source_id":"source_5","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_15","claim":"The research value of the synthesis lies in making these boundaries explicit. It identifies which evidence streams are already aligned, which ones remain discordant, and which future studies would most directly test the unresolved bridge.","citation_support":[],"candidate_sources":[{"study":"Effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Bernal 2025","excerpt":"During the climacteric period, the decline in ovarian hormones leads to changes in the lipid profile. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological recommendation for controlling lipid levels. However, the effects on the lipid profile in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are incipient and inconclusive. In this context, we searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials on the effects of exercise on the lipid profile of these women. We excluded studies that did not specify criteria for classifying the climacteric phase, that involved women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, or that examined combined treatments or acute effects of physical exercise. The meta-analysis indicated that general physical exercise increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean difference [MD]=4.89; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.97 to 8.81) in perimenopausal women. For obese postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of aerobic training increased HDL-C levels (MD=3.88; 95%CI=0.56 to 7.20) and reduced total cholesterol (MD=-22.36; 95%CI=-29.67 to -15.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD=-17.86; 95%CI=-25.","source_id":"source_1","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSED BY CLDQ OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"CORREA 2025","excerpt":"OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: the sample included controlled and randomized experimental studies of individuals with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who performed any type of physical exercise compared to any other intervention or no intervention, with quality of life as the outcome assessed by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). The search for articles was conducted in 11 databases. The descriptors considered for the search were physical exercise, quality of life, liver cirrhosis, and their synonyms. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Jadad scale and the RoB 2 scale, respectively. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis of the data. Quality of life was considered a continuous variable. The mean difference was considered as the effect measure. The analysis model was fixed-effect. The confidence level adopted was .05. The level of evidence for the meta-analysis results was assessed using the GRADE tool.","source_id":"source_2","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Tozo 2025","excerpt":"AIMS: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11).","source_id":"source_3","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of physical exercise in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Martin-Sanchez 2025","excerpt":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on key clinical outcomes (such as quality of life (QoL), aerobic capacity, fatigue, and muscle strength) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to April 2025. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Pedro scale and the Risk-Of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (ROB2.0) respectively. RESULTS: An initial search retrieved 5217 articles. Finally, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Exercise showed a small, non-significant effect on QoL (SMD = 0.23; p = 0.072), and a significant moderate effect on functional capacity (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.002). No significant effects were found on fatigue (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.819) or handgrip strength (SMD = 0.21; p = 0.201), although a large and significant effect was observed for lower limb strength (SMD = 1.48; p < 0.001).","source_id":"source_4","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"indirect","cited_as":"Cabo 2025","excerpt":"Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures.","source_id":"source_5","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_16","claim":"The background evidence for physical exercise effects is heterogeneous rather than uniformly confirmatory. Direct clinical sources such as Suikkanen 2025, Arici 2025, Adnan 2026 are interpreted separately from mechanistic studies such as the retained evidence base, because these evidence roles answer different questions about aging biology and clinical translation.","citation_support":[{"source_id":"source_12","study":"Long-term home-based physical exercise, pain, and use of pain medication over a year after hip fracture – A secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial","doi":"10.1177/02692155251389435","url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02692155251389435","support_kind":"cited_as_match","cited_as":"Suikkanen 2025","population":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","directness":"direct","excerpt":"ObjectiveTo study the effects of a year-long, supervised home-based exercise training on perceived pain, pain interference, and use of pain medication over 12 months after hip fracture.DesignRandomised clinical trial, secondary analysisSettingHomeParticipantsParticipants ( n = 121) had surgical repair of a hip fracture, were ≥60 years old, and community-living.InterventionParticipants were allocated into 12-month home-based Physical Exercise ( n = 61) or Usual Care ( n = 60). Exercise sessions (60 minutes/twice a week) at participants' home under physiotherapist supervision including strength, balance, and functional exercises.Main measuresPain intensity, interference, and locations, and information of the pain medication were queried at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months.ResultsThe mean age was 81 (SD 7) years, 91 (75%) were women, and 74 (61%) had fractured femoral neck. At baseline, in Physical Exercise 46 (75%) and in Usual Care 43 (72%) reported some sort of pain. After discharge, 118 (98%) used pain medication: 116 (96%) paracetamol and 41 (34%) opioids."}],"candidate_sources":[]},{"claim_id":"claim_17","claim":"The direct evidence establishes what has been observed in human or adjacent clinical settings. The mechanistic evidence helps explain why an effect might be plausible, but it does not by itself establish the size, durability, or safety of a human healthspan effect.","citation_support":[],"candidate_sources":[{"study":"Effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Bernal 2025","excerpt":"During the climacteric period, the decline in ovarian hormones leads to changes in the lipid profile. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological recommendation for controlling lipid levels. However, the effects on the lipid profile in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are incipient and inconclusive. In this context, we searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials on the effects of exercise on the lipid profile of these women. We excluded studies that did not specify criteria for classifying the climacteric phase, that involved women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, or that examined combined treatments or acute effects of physical exercise. The meta-analysis indicated that general physical exercise increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean difference [MD]=4.89; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.97 to 8.81) in perimenopausal women. For obese postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of aerobic training increased HDL-C levels (MD=3.88; 95%CI=0.56 to 7.20) and reduced total cholesterol (MD=-22.36; 95%CI=-29.67 to -15.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD=-17.86; 95%CI=-25.","source_id":"source_1","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSED BY CLDQ OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"CORREA 2025","excerpt":"OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: the sample included controlled and randomized experimental studies of individuals with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who performed any type of physical exercise compared to any other intervention or no intervention, with quality of life as the outcome assessed by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). The search for articles was conducted in 11 databases. The descriptors considered for the search were physical exercise, quality of life, liver cirrhosis, and their synonyms. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Jadad scale and the RoB 2 scale, respectively. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis of the data. Quality of life was considered a continuous variable. The mean difference was considered as the effect measure. The analysis model was fixed-effect. The confidence level adopted was .05. The level of evidence for the meta-analysis results was assessed using the GRADE tool.","source_id":"source_2","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Tozo 2025","excerpt":"AIMS: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11).","source_id":"source_3","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of physical exercise in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Martin-Sanchez 2025","excerpt":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on key clinical outcomes (such as quality of life (QoL), aerobic capacity, fatigue, and muscle strength) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to April 2025. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Pedro scale and the Risk-Of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (ROB2.0) respectively. RESULTS: An initial search retrieved 5217 articles. Finally, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Exercise showed a small, non-significant effect on QoL (SMD = 0.23; p = 0.072), and a significant moderate effect on functional capacity (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.002). No significant effects were found on fatigue (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.819) or handgrip strength (SMD = 0.21; p = 0.201), although a large and significant effect was observed for lower limb strength (SMD = 1.48; p < 0.001).","source_id":"source_4","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"indirect","cited_as":"Cabo 2025","excerpt":"Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures.","source_id":"source_5","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_18","claim":"Across the retained sources, positive signals cluster around the safety and comorbidity, deficiency prevalence, contextual adjacent evidence outcome classes; null signals around the contextual adjacent evidence, cognitive and muscle function outcome classes; and negative or adverse signals around the contextual adjacent evidence outcome class. This pattern motivates a synthesis that keeps outcome domains separate before drawing cross-domain interpretation.","citation_support":[],"candidate_sources":[{"study":"Effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Bernal 2025","excerpt":"During the climacteric period, the decline in ovarian hormones leads to changes in the lipid profile. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological recommendation for controlling lipid levels. However, the effects on the lipid profile in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are incipient and inconclusive. In this context, we searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials on the effects of exercise on the lipid profile of these women. We excluded studies that did not specify criteria for classifying the climacteric phase, that involved women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, or that examined combined treatments or acute effects of physical exercise. The meta-analysis indicated that general physical exercise increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean difference [MD]=4.89; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.97 to 8.81) in perimenopausal women. For obese postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of aerobic training increased HDL-C levels (MD=3.88; 95%CI=0.56 to 7.20) and reduced total cholesterol (MD=-22.36; 95%CI=-29.67 to -15.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD=-17.86; 95%CI=-25.","source_id":"source_1","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSED BY CLDQ OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"CORREA 2025","excerpt":"OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: the sample included controlled and randomized experimental studies of individuals with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who performed any type of physical exercise compared to any other intervention or no intervention, with quality of life as the outcome assessed by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). The search for articles was conducted in 11 databases. The descriptors considered for the search were physical exercise, quality of life, liver cirrhosis, and their synonyms. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Jadad scale and the RoB 2 scale, respectively. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis of the data. Quality of life was considered a continuous variable. The mean difference was considered as the effect measure. The analysis model was fixed-effect. The confidence level adopted was .05. The level of evidence for the meta-analysis results was assessed using the GRADE tool.","source_id":"source_2","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Tozo 2025","excerpt":"AIMS: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11).","source_id":"source_3","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of physical exercise in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Martin-Sanchez 2025","excerpt":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on key clinical outcomes (such as quality of life (QoL), aerobic capacity, fatigue, and muscle strength) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to April 2025. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Pedro scale and the Risk-Of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (ROB2.0) respectively. RESULTS: An initial search retrieved 5217 articles. Finally, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Exercise showed a small, non-significant effect on QoL (SMD = 0.23; p = 0.072), and a significant moderate effect on functional capacity (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.002). No significant effects were found on fatigue (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.819) or handgrip strength (SMD = 0.21; p = 0.201), although a large and significant effect was observed for lower limb strength (SMD = 1.48; p < 0.001).","source_id":"source_4","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"indirect","cited_as":"Cabo 2025","excerpt":"Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures.","source_id":"source_5","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_19","claim":"The study-level structure also prevents selective emphasis. Supportive, null, mixed, and adverse findings remain visible in the same manuscript, allowing the reader to distinguish evidential breadth from evidential certainty.","citation_support":[],"candidate_sources":[{"study":"Effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Bernal 2025","excerpt":"During the climacteric period, the decline in ovarian hormones leads to changes in the lipid profile. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological recommendation for controlling lipid levels. However, the effects on the lipid profile in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are incipient and inconclusive. In this context, we searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials on the effects of exercise on the lipid profile of these women. We excluded studies that did not specify criteria for classifying the climacteric phase, that involved women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, or that examined combined treatments or acute effects of physical exercise. The meta-analysis indicated that general physical exercise increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean difference [MD]=4.89; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.97 to 8.81) in perimenopausal women. For obese postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of aerobic training increased HDL-C levels (MD=3.88; 95%CI=0.56 to 7.20) and reduced total cholesterol (MD=-22.36; 95%CI=-29.67 to -15.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD=-17.86; 95%CI=-25.","source_id":"source_1","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSED BY CLDQ OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"CORREA 2025","excerpt":"OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: the sample included controlled and randomized experimental studies of individuals with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who performed any type of physical exercise compared to any other intervention or no intervention, with quality of life as the outcome assessed by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). The search for articles was conducted in 11 databases. The descriptors considered for the search were physical exercise, quality of life, liver cirrhosis, and their synonyms. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Jadad scale and the RoB 2 scale, respectively. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis of the data. Quality of life was considered a continuous variable. The mean difference was considered as the effect measure. The analysis model was fixed-effect. The confidence level adopted was .05. The level of evidence for the meta-analysis results was assessed using the GRADE tool.","source_id":"source_2","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Tozo 2025","excerpt":"AIMS: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11).","source_id":"source_3","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of physical exercise in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Martin-Sanchez 2025","excerpt":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on key clinical outcomes (such as quality of life (QoL), aerobic capacity, fatigue, and muscle strength) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to April 2025. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Pedro scale and the Risk-Of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (ROB2.0) respectively. RESULTS: An initial search retrieved 5217 articles. Finally, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Exercise showed a small, non-significant effect on QoL (SMD = 0.23; p = 0.072), and a significant moderate effect on functional capacity (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.002). No significant effects were found on fatigue (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.819) or handgrip strength (SMD = 0.21; p = 0.201), although a large and significant effect was observed for lower limb strength (SMD = 1.48; p < 0.001).","source_id":"source_4","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"indirect","cited_as":"Cabo 2025","excerpt":"Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures.","source_id":"source_5","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_20","claim":"The resulting paper is therefore a calibrated synthesis: it can identify plausible mechanisms, observed direct signals when present, unresolved tensions, and trial-design priorities without converting them into claims stronger than the retained corpus can support.","citation_support":[],"candidate_sources":[{"study":"Effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Bernal 2025","excerpt":"During the climacteric period, the decline in ovarian hormones leads to changes in the lipid profile. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological recommendation for controlling lipid levels. However, the effects on the lipid profile in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are incipient and inconclusive. In this context, we searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials on the effects of exercise on the lipid profile of these women. We excluded studies that did not specify criteria for classifying the climacteric phase, that involved women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, or that examined combined treatments or acute effects of physical exercise. The meta-analysis indicated that general physical exercise increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean difference [MD]=4.89; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.97 to 8.81) in perimenopausal women. For obese postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of aerobic training increased HDL-C levels (MD=3.88; 95%CI=0.56 to 7.20) and reduced total cholesterol (MD=-22.36; 95%CI=-29.67 to -15.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD=-17.86; 95%CI=-25.","source_id":"source_1","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSED BY CLDQ OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"CORREA 2025","excerpt":"OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: the sample included controlled and randomized experimental studies of individuals with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who performed any type of physical exercise compared to any other intervention or no intervention, with quality of life as the outcome assessed by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). The search for articles was conducted in 11 databases. The descriptors considered for the search were physical exercise, quality of life, liver cirrhosis, and their synonyms. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Jadad scale and the RoB 2 scale, respectively. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis of the data. Quality of life was considered a continuous variable. The mean difference was considered as the effect measure. The analysis model was fixed-effect. The confidence level adopted was .05. The level of evidence for the meta-analysis results was assessed using the GRADE tool.","source_id":"source_2","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Tozo 2025","excerpt":"AIMS: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11).","source_id":"source_3","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of physical exercise in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Martin-Sanchez 2025","excerpt":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on key clinical outcomes (such as quality of life (QoL), aerobic capacity, fatigue, and muscle strength) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to April 2025. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Pedro scale and the Risk-Of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (ROB2.0) respectively. RESULTS: An initial search retrieved 5217 articles. Finally, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Exercise showed a small, non-significant effect on QoL (SMD = 0.23; p = 0.072), and a significant moderate effect on functional capacity (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.002). No significant effects were found on fatigue (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.819) or handgrip strength (SMD = 0.21; p = 0.201), although a large and significant effect was observed for lower limb strength (SMD = 1.48; p < 0.001).","source_id":"source_4","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"indirect","cited_as":"Cabo 2025","excerpt":"Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures.","source_id":"source_5","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_21","claim":"The following fields were extracted from each included source: study design, population / cohort, intervention or exposure, comparator, outcome class, effect direction, effect size, confidence interval or credible interval, p-value, sample size, follow-up duration, risk-of-bias rating. Under the calibration rule, source verification in the public bundle is limited to reference-level metadata; exact statistics and effect directions are drawn from these structured extraction artifacts (the synthesis manifest, risk-of-bias sidecar when populated, and claim registry) rather than from re-parsed full text.","citation_support":[],"candidate_sources":[{"study":"Effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Bernal 2025","excerpt":"During the climacteric period, the decline in ovarian hormones leads to changes in the lipid profile. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological recommendation for controlling lipid levels. However, the effects on the lipid profile in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are incipient and inconclusive. In this context, we searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials on the effects of exercise on the lipid profile of these women. We excluded studies that did not specify criteria for classifying the climacteric phase, that involved women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, or that examined combined treatments or acute effects of physical exercise. The meta-analysis indicated that general physical exercise increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean difference [MD]=4.89; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.97 to 8.81) in perimenopausal women. For obese postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of aerobic training increased HDL-C levels (MD=3.88; 95%CI=0.56 to 7.20) and reduced total cholesterol (MD=-22.36; 95%CI=-29.67 to -15.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD=-17.86; 95%CI=-25.","source_id":"source_1","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSED BY CLDQ OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"CORREA 2025","excerpt":"OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: the sample included controlled and randomized experimental studies of individuals with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who performed any type of physical exercise compared to any other intervention or no intervention, with quality of life as the outcome assessed by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). The search for articles was conducted in 11 databases. The descriptors considered for the search were physical exercise, quality of life, liver cirrhosis, and their synonyms. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Jadad scale and the RoB 2 scale, respectively. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis of the data. Quality of life was considered a continuous variable. The mean difference was considered as the effect measure. The analysis model was fixed-effect. The confidence level adopted was .05. The level of evidence for the meta-analysis results was assessed using the GRADE tool.","source_id":"source_2","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Tozo 2025","excerpt":"AIMS: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11).","source_id":"source_3","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of physical exercise in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Martin-Sanchez 2025","excerpt":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on key clinical outcomes (such as quality of life (QoL), aerobic capacity, fatigue, and muscle strength) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to April 2025. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Pedro scale and the Risk-Of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (ROB2.0) respectively. RESULTS: An initial search retrieved 5217 articles. Finally, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Exercise showed a small, non-significant effect on QoL (SMD = 0.23; p = 0.072), and a significant moderate effect on functional capacity (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.002). No significant effects were found on fatigue (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.819) or handgrip strength (SMD = 0.21; p = 0.201), although a large and significant effect was observed for lower limb strength (SMD = 1.48; p < 0.001).","source_id":"source_4","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"indirect","cited_as":"Cabo 2025","excerpt":"Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures.","source_id":"source_5","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_22","claim":"Risk-of-bias framework assignment follows study design (RoB-2 for RCTs, ROBINS-I for non-randomised studies, AMSTAR-2 for systematic reviews / meta-analyses). Public appraisal claims are limited to populated `risk_of_bias.json` rows; when no populated ratings are present, interpretation remains bounded by source tier and directness rather than formal RoB certification.","citation_support":[],"candidate_sources":[{"study":"Effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Bernal 2025","excerpt":"During the climacteric period, the decline in ovarian hormones leads to changes in the lipid profile. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological recommendation for controlling lipid levels. However, the effects on the lipid profile in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are incipient and inconclusive. In this context, we searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials on the effects of exercise on the lipid profile of these women. We excluded studies that did not specify criteria for classifying the climacteric phase, that involved women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, or that examined combined treatments or acute effects of physical exercise. The meta-analysis indicated that general physical exercise increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean difference [MD]=4.89; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.97 to 8.81) in perimenopausal women. For obese postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of aerobic training increased HDL-C levels (MD=3.88; 95%CI=0.56 to 7.20) and reduced total cholesterol (MD=-22.36; 95%CI=-29.67 to -15.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD=-17.86; 95%CI=-25.","source_id":"source_1","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSED BY CLDQ OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"CORREA 2025","excerpt":"OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: the sample included controlled and randomized experimental studies of individuals with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who performed any type of physical exercise compared to any other intervention or no intervention, with quality of life as the outcome assessed by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). The search for articles was conducted in 11 databases. The descriptors considered for the search were physical exercise, quality of life, liver cirrhosis, and their synonyms. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Jadad scale and the RoB 2 scale, respectively. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis of the data. Quality of life was considered a continuous variable. The mean difference was considered as the effect measure. The analysis model was fixed-effect. The confidence level adopted was .05. The level of evidence for the meta-analysis results was assessed using the GRADE tool.","source_id":"source_2","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Tozo 2025","excerpt":"AIMS: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11).","source_id":"source_3","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of physical exercise in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Martin-Sanchez 2025","excerpt":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on key clinical outcomes (such as quality of life (QoL), aerobic capacity, fatigue, and muscle strength) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to April 2025. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Pedro scale and the Risk-Of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (ROB2.0) respectively. RESULTS: An initial search retrieved 5217 articles. Finally, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Exercise showed a small, non-significant effect on QoL (SMD = 0.23; p = 0.072), and a significant moderate effect on functional capacity (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.002). No significant effects were found on fatigue (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.819) or handgrip strength (SMD = 0.21; p = 0.201), although a large and significant effect was observed for lower limb strength (SMD = 1.48; p < 0.001).","source_id":"source_4","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"indirect","cited_as":"Cabo 2025","excerpt":"Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures.","source_id":"source_5","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_23","claim":"Evidence-tension synthesis: claims grouped by outcome class (cardiometabolic, cognitive, contextual adjacent evidence, deficiency prevalence, dosing and pharmacokinetics, frailty, muscle function, safety and comorbidity, skeletal, fracture, and bone); within-class agreement, disagreement, and directness gaps surfaced explicitly. Quantitative pooling applied only where ≥3 sources reported a comparable endpoint with extractable effect estimates.","citation_support":[],"candidate_sources":[{"study":"Effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Bernal 2025","excerpt":"During the climacteric period, the decline in ovarian hormones leads to changes in the lipid profile. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological recommendation for controlling lipid levels. However, the effects on the lipid profile in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are incipient and inconclusive. In this context, we searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials on the effects of exercise on the lipid profile of these women. We excluded studies that did not specify criteria for classifying the climacteric phase, that involved women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, or that examined combined treatments or acute effects of physical exercise. The meta-analysis indicated that general physical exercise increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean difference [MD]=4.89; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.97 to 8.81) in perimenopausal women. For obese postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of aerobic training increased HDL-C levels (MD=3.88; 95%CI=0.56 to 7.20) and reduced total cholesterol (MD=-22.36; 95%CI=-29.67 to -15.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD=-17.86; 95%CI=-25.","source_id":"source_1","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSED BY CLDQ OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"CORREA 2025","excerpt":"OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: the sample included controlled and randomized experimental studies of individuals with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who performed any type of physical exercise compared to any other intervention or no intervention, with quality of life as the outcome assessed by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). The search for articles was conducted in 11 databases. The descriptors considered for the search were physical exercise, quality of life, liver cirrhosis, and their synonyms. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Jadad scale and the RoB 2 scale, respectively. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis of the data. Quality of life was considered a continuous variable. The mean difference was considered as the effect measure. The analysis model was fixed-effect. The confidence level adopted was .05. The level of evidence for the meta-analysis results was assessed using the GRADE tool.","source_id":"source_2","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Tozo 2025","excerpt":"AIMS: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11).","source_id":"source_3","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of physical exercise in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Martin-Sanchez 2025","excerpt":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on key clinical outcomes (such as quality of life (QoL), aerobic capacity, fatigue, and muscle strength) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to April 2025. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Pedro scale and the Risk-Of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (ROB2.0) respectively. RESULTS: An initial search retrieved 5217 articles. Finally, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Exercise showed a small, non-significant effect on QoL (SMD = 0.23; p = 0.072), and a significant moderate effect on functional capacity (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.002). No significant effects were found on fatigue (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.819) or handgrip strength (SMD = 0.21; p = 0.201), although a large and significant effect was observed for lower limb strength (SMD = 1.48; p < 0.001).","source_id":"source_4","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"indirect","cited_as":"Cabo 2025","excerpt":"Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures.","source_id":"source_5","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_24","claim":"Source retrieval, claim extraction, evidence routing, and prose drafting were assisted by large language models under a deterministic audit-trail protocol. Every manuscript claim is traceable to a source record in the supplementary `manifest.json`. Final eligibility and interpretation decisions are author-verified.","citation_support":[],"candidate_sources":[{"study":"Effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Bernal 2025","excerpt":"During the climacteric period, the decline in ovarian hormones leads to changes in the lipid profile. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological recommendation for controlling lipid levels. However, the effects on the lipid profile in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are incipient and inconclusive. In this context, we searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials on the effects of exercise on the lipid profile of these women. We excluded studies that did not specify criteria for classifying the climacteric phase, that involved women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, or that examined combined treatments or acute effects of physical exercise. The meta-analysis indicated that general physical exercise increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean difference [MD]=4.89; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.97 to 8.81) in perimenopausal women. For obese postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of aerobic training increased HDL-C levels (MD=3.88; 95%CI=0.56 to 7.20) and reduced total cholesterol (MD=-22.36; 95%CI=-29.67 to -15.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD=-17.86; 95%CI=-25.","source_id":"source_1","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSED BY CLDQ OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"CORREA 2025","excerpt":"OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: the sample included controlled and randomized experimental studies of individuals with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who performed any type of physical exercise compared to any other intervention or no intervention, with quality of life as the outcome assessed by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). The search for articles was conducted in 11 databases. The descriptors considered for the search were physical exercise, quality of life, liver cirrhosis, and their synonyms. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Jadad scale and the RoB 2 scale, respectively. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis of the data. Quality of life was considered a continuous variable. The mean difference was considered as the effect measure. The analysis model was fixed-effect. The confidence level adopted was .05. The level of evidence for the meta-analysis results was assessed using the GRADE tool.","source_id":"source_2","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Tozo 2025","excerpt":"AIMS: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11).","source_id":"source_3","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of physical exercise in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Martin-Sanchez 2025","excerpt":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on key clinical outcomes (such as quality of life (QoL), aerobic capacity, fatigue, and muscle strength) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to April 2025. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Pedro scale and the Risk-Of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (ROB2.0) respectively. RESULTS: An initial search retrieved 5217 articles. Finally, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Exercise showed a small, non-significant effect on QoL (SMD = 0.23; p = 0.072), and a significant moderate effect on functional capacity (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.002). No significant effects were found on fatigue (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.819) or handgrip strength (SMD = 0.21; p = 0.201), although a large and significant effect was observed for lower limb strength (SMD = 1.48; p < 0.001).","source_id":"source_4","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"indirect","cited_as":"Cabo 2025","excerpt":"Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures.","source_id":"source_5","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_25","claim":"Outcome-class note:** Contextual Adjacent Evidence denotes background, boundary-condition, or adjacent-outcome sources. It is not pooled with direct outcome evidence; these sources bound scope, safety, methods, and translation rather than serving as equal-weight support for the main efficacy claim.","citation_support":[],"candidate_sources":[{"study":"Effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Bernal 2025","excerpt":"During the climacteric period, the decline in ovarian hormones leads to changes in the lipid profile. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological recommendation for controlling lipid levels. However, the effects on the lipid profile in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are incipient and inconclusive. In this context, we searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials on the effects of exercise on the lipid profile of these women. We excluded studies that did not specify criteria for classifying the climacteric phase, that involved women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, or that examined combined treatments or acute effects of physical exercise. The meta-analysis indicated that general physical exercise increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean difference [MD]=4.89; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.97 to 8.81) in perimenopausal women. For obese postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of aerobic training increased HDL-C levels (MD=3.88; 95%CI=0.56 to 7.20) and reduced total cholesterol (MD=-22.36; 95%CI=-29.67 to -15.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD=-17.86; 95%CI=-25.","source_id":"source_1","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSED BY CLDQ OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"CORREA 2025","excerpt":"OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: the sample included controlled and randomized experimental studies of individuals with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who performed any type of physical exercise compared to any other intervention or no intervention, with quality of life as the outcome assessed by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). The search for articles was conducted in 11 databases. The descriptors considered for the search were physical exercise, quality of life, liver cirrhosis, and their synonyms. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Jadad scale and the RoB 2 scale, respectively. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis of the data. Quality of life was considered a continuous variable. The mean difference was considered as the effect measure. The analysis model was fixed-effect. The confidence level adopted was .05. The level of evidence for the meta-analysis results was assessed using the GRADE tool.","source_id":"source_2","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Tozo 2025","excerpt":"AIMS: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11).","source_id":"source_3","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of physical exercise in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Martin-Sanchez 2025","excerpt":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on key clinical outcomes (such as quality of life (QoL), aerobic capacity, fatigue, and muscle strength) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to April 2025. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Pedro scale and the Risk-Of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (ROB2.0) respectively. RESULTS: An initial search retrieved 5217 articles. Finally, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Exercise showed a small, non-significant effect on QoL (SMD = 0.23; p = 0.072), and a significant moderate effect on functional capacity (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.002). No significant effects were found on fatigue (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.819) or handgrip strength (SMD = 0.21; p = 0.201), although a large and significant effect was observed for lower limb strength (SMD = 1.48; p < 0.001).","source_id":"source_4","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"indirect","cited_as":"Cabo 2025","excerpt":"Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures.","source_id":"source_5","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_26","claim":"| Evidence domain | Corpus slice | Strongest signal | Directness | Main limitation |","citation_support":[],"candidate_sources":[{"study":"Effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Bernal 2025","excerpt":"During the climacteric period, the decline in ovarian hormones leads to changes in the lipid profile. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological recommendation for controlling lipid levels. However, the effects on the lipid profile in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are incipient and inconclusive. In this context, we searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials on the effects of exercise on the lipid profile of these women. We excluded studies that did not specify criteria for classifying the climacteric phase, that involved women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, or that examined combined treatments or acute effects of physical exercise. The meta-analysis indicated that general physical exercise increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean difference [MD]=4.89; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.97 to 8.81) in perimenopausal women. For obese postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of aerobic training increased HDL-C levels (MD=3.88; 95%CI=0.56 to 7.20) and reduced total cholesterol (MD=-22.36; 95%CI=-29.67 to -15.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD=-17.86; 95%CI=-25.","source_id":"source_1","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSED BY CLDQ OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"CORREA 2025","excerpt":"OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: the sample included controlled and randomized experimental studies of individuals with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who performed any type of physical exercise compared to any other intervention or no intervention, with quality of life as the outcome assessed by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). The search for articles was conducted in 11 databases. The descriptors considered for the search were physical exercise, quality of life, liver cirrhosis, and their synonyms. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Jadad scale and the RoB 2 scale, respectively. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis of the data. Quality of life was considered a continuous variable. The mean difference was considered as the effect measure. The analysis model was fixed-effect. The confidence level adopted was .05. The level of evidence for the meta-analysis results was assessed using the GRADE tool.","source_id":"source_2","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Tozo 2025","excerpt":"AIMS: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11).","source_id":"source_3","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of physical exercise in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Martin-Sanchez 2025","excerpt":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on key clinical outcomes (such as quality of life (QoL), aerobic capacity, fatigue, and muscle strength) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to April 2025. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Pedro scale and the Risk-Of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (ROB2.0) respectively. RESULTS: An initial search retrieved 5217 articles. Finally, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Exercise showed a small, non-significant effect on QoL (SMD = 0.23; p = 0.072), and a significant moderate effect on functional capacity (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.002). No significant effects were found on fatigue (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.819) or handgrip strength (SMD = 0.21; p = 0.201), although a large and significant effect was observed for lower limb strength (SMD = 1.48; p < 0.001).","source_id":"source_4","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"indirect","cited_as":"Cabo 2025","excerpt":"Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures.","source_id":"source_5","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_27","claim":"| Physical Exercise Effects / Contextual Adjacent Evidence | n=35; claims=1431 | significant source statistic in 25/35 sources; receipt-level direction coded unclear | 3 direct; 11 indirect; 1 protocol; 20 review | limited corpus depth in this outcome class |","citation_support":[],"candidate_sources":[{"study":"Effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Bernal 2025","excerpt":"During the climacteric period, the decline in ovarian hormones leads to changes in the lipid profile. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological recommendation for controlling lipid levels. However, the effects on the lipid profile in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are incipient and inconclusive. In this context, we searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials on the effects of exercise on the lipid profile of these women. We excluded studies that did not specify criteria for classifying the climacteric phase, that involved women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, or that examined combined treatments or acute effects of physical exercise. The meta-analysis indicated that general physical exercise increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean difference [MD]=4.89; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.97 to 8.81) in perimenopausal women. For obese postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of aerobic training increased HDL-C levels (MD=3.88; 95%CI=0.56 to 7.20) and reduced total cholesterol (MD=-22.36; 95%CI=-29.67 to -15.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD=-17.86; 95%CI=-25.","source_id":"source_1","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSED BY CLDQ OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"CORREA 2025","excerpt":"OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: the sample included controlled and randomized experimental studies of individuals with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who performed any type of physical exercise compared to any other intervention or no intervention, with quality of life as the outcome assessed by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). The search for articles was conducted in 11 databases. The descriptors considered for the search were physical exercise, quality of life, liver cirrhosis, and their synonyms. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Jadad scale and the RoB 2 scale, respectively. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis of the data. Quality of life was considered a continuous variable. The mean difference was considered as the effect measure. The analysis model was fixed-effect. The confidence level adopted was .05. The level of evidence for the meta-analysis results was assessed using the GRADE tool.","source_id":"source_2","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Tozo 2025","excerpt":"AIMS: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11).","source_id":"source_3","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of physical exercise in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Martin-Sanchez 2025","excerpt":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on key clinical outcomes (such as quality of life (QoL), aerobic capacity, fatigue, and muscle strength) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to April 2025. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Pedro scale and the Risk-Of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (ROB2.0) respectively. RESULTS: An initial search retrieved 5217 articles. Finally, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Exercise showed a small, non-significant effect on QoL (SMD = 0.23; p = 0.072), and a significant moderate effect on functional capacity (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.002). No significant effects were found on fatigue (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.819) or handgrip strength (SMD = 0.21; p = 0.201), although a large and significant effect was observed for lower limb strength (SMD = 1.48; p < 0.001).","source_id":"source_4","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"indirect","cited_as":"Cabo 2025","excerpt":"Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures.","source_id":"source_5","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_28","claim":"| Physical Exercise Effects / Frailty | n=1; claims=105 | significant source statistic in 1/1 sources; receipt-level direction coded null | 1 review | single-source slice; hypothesis-generating |","citation_support":[],"candidate_sources":[{"study":"Effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Bernal 2025","excerpt":"During the climacteric period, the decline in ovarian hormones leads to changes in the lipid profile. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological recommendation for controlling lipid levels. However, the effects on the lipid profile in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are incipient and inconclusive. In this context, we searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials on the effects of exercise on the lipid profile of these women. We excluded studies that did not specify criteria for classifying the climacteric phase, that involved women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, or that examined combined treatments or acute effects of physical exercise. The meta-analysis indicated that general physical exercise increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean difference [MD]=4.89; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.97 to 8.81) in perimenopausal women. For obese postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of aerobic training increased HDL-C levels (MD=3.88; 95%CI=0.56 to 7.20) and reduced total cholesterol (MD=-22.36; 95%CI=-29.67 to -15.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD=-17.86; 95%CI=-25.","source_id":"source_1","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSED BY CLDQ OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"CORREA 2025","excerpt":"OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: the sample included controlled and randomized experimental studies of individuals with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who performed any type of physical exercise compared to any other intervention or no intervention, with quality of life as the outcome assessed by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). The search for articles was conducted in 11 databases. The descriptors considered for the search were physical exercise, quality of life, liver cirrhosis, and their synonyms. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Jadad scale and the RoB 2 scale, respectively. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis of the data. Quality of life was considered a continuous variable. The mean difference was considered as the effect measure. The analysis model was fixed-effect. The confidence level adopted was .05. The level of evidence for the meta-analysis results was assessed using the GRADE tool.","source_id":"source_2","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Tozo 2025","excerpt":"AIMS: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11).","source_id":"source_3","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of physical exercise in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Martin-Sanchez 2025","excerpt":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on key clinical outcomes (such as quality of life (QoL), aerobic capacity, fatigue, and muscle strength) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to April 2025. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Pedro scale and the Risk-Of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (ROB2.0) respectively. RESULTS: An initial search retrieved 5217 articles. Finally, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Exercise showed a small, non-significant effect on QoL (SMD = 0.23; p = 0.072), and a significant moderate effect on functional capacity (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.002). No significant effects were found on fatigue (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.819) or handgrip strength (SMD = 0.21; p = 0.201), although a large and significant effect was observed for lower limb strength (SMD = 1.48; p < 0.001).","source_id":"source_4","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"indirect","cited_as":"Cabo 2025","excerpt":"Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures.","source_id":"source_5","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_29","claim":"Contextual Adjacent Evidence: n=35; claims=1431; mixed signal in 20/35 sources | directness: 3 direct; 11 indirect; 20 review; 1 protocol; main limitation: directionally heterogeneous.","citation_support":[],"candidate_sources":[{"study":"Effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2025e14194","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Bernal 2025","excerpt":"During the climacteric period, the decline in ovarian hormones leads to changes in the lipid profile. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological recommendation for controlling lipid levels. However, the effects on the lipid profile in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are incipient and inconclusive. In this context, we searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials on the effects of exercise on the lipid profile of these women. We excluded studies that did not specify criteria for classifying the climacteric phase, that involved women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, or that examined combined treatments or acute effects of physical exercise. The meta-analysis indicated that general physical exercise increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean difference [MD]=4.89; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.97 to 8.81) in perimenopausal women. For obese postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of aerobic training increased HDL-C levels (MD=3.88; 95%CI=0.56 to 7.20) and reduced total cholesterol (MD=-22.36; 95%CI=-29.67 to -15.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD=-17.86; 95%CI=-25.","source_id":"source_1","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSED BY CLDQ OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS","year":2025,"doi":"10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.24612025-024","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"CORREA 2025","excerpt":"OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: the sample included controlled and randomized experimental studies of individuals with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who performed any type of physical exercise compared to any other intervention or no intervention, with quality of life as the outcome assessed by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). The search for articles was conducted in 11 databases. The descriptors considered for the search were physical exercise, quality of life, liver cirrhosis, and their synonyms. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Jadad scale and the RoB 2 scale, respectively. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis of the data. Quality of life was considered a continuous variable. The mean difference was considered as the effect measure. The analysis model was fixed-effect. The confidence level adopted was .05. The level of evidence for the meta-analysis results was assessed using the GRADE tool.","source_id":"source_2","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Tozo 2025","excerpt":"AIMS: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11).","source_id":"source_3","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"Effects of physical exercise in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10194-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review","cited_as":"Martin-Sanchez 2025","excerpt":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on key clinical outcomes (such as quality of life (QoL), aerobic capacity, fatigue, and muscle strength) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to April 2025. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Pedro scale and the Risk-Of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (ROB2.0) respectively. RESULTS: An initial search retrieved 5217 articles. Finally, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Exercise showed a small, non-significant effect on QoL (SMD = 0.23; p = 0.072), and a significant moderate effect on functional capacity (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.002). No significant effects were found on fatigue (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.819) or handgrip strength (SMD = 0.21; p = 0.201), although a large and significant effect was observed for lower limb strength (SMD = 1.48; p < 0.001).","source_id":"source_4","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"},{"study":"The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults","year":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26683-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"indirect","cited_as":"Cabo 2025","excerpt":"Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures.","source_id":"source_5","support_kind":"candidate_source_row"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_30","claim":"The cardiometabolic evidence base for physical exercise effects spans three principal sources, each anchored in different study designs and populations. Pela 2025 reported on a randomized control trial conducted in frail, sarcopenic older subjects aged 70 years or older, evaluating a two-year adapted physical exercise program combined with nutritional counselling on cardio-sarcopenia syndrome, with multiple endpoints reaching statistical significance (P = 0.004, P = 0.037, P = 0.034, P < 0.001, P = 0.012, P < 0.05, P = 0.038, P < 0.005, P = 0.003). Ancin-Oses 2025 contributed a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials examining physical exercise on metabolic syndrome in psychotic disorders, pooling across enrolled trials. Kazeminasab 2024 provided a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies evaluating intermittent fasting combined with physical exercise on cardiometabolic outcomes. Together these sources define a cardiometabolic outcome class whose evidence strength depends on population, intervention pairing, and endpoint specificity.","citation_support":[{"source_id":"source_7","study":"Effects of two-year adapted physical exercise program and nutritional counselling on cardio-sarcopenia syndrome in older adults with low muscle function","doi":"10.1186/s11556-025-00377-8","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s11556-025-00377-8","support_kind":"cited_as_match","cited_as":"Pela 2025","population":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","directness":"indirect","excerpt":"BACKGROUND: Frail, sarcopenic older individuals have high risk of cardiovascular events and require multidomain interventions. The cross-talk between cardiac and skeletal muscle mass is crucial to maintain physical independence in this specific population. The aim of the study was to evaluate, in a selected sample of frail, sarcopenic older adults, the influence of a two-year multimodal intervention, composed by exercise program and nutritional counseling, compared to a lifestyle education program, on echocardiographic parameters and the relationship between left ventricular mass and skeletal muscle. METHODS: One-hundred subjects, among those enrolled in the SPRINTT trial at Frailty Clinic of the University-Hospital of Parma, underwent cardiac examination as part of the ancillary protocol CARDIOSPRINTT. Eighty-two participants completed the protocol and attended the final visit after approximately 25 months from enrolment. RESULTS: We did not find significant changes in the intervention group compared with the control one."},{"source_id":"source_24","study":"Effects of physical exercise on metabolic syndrome in psychotic disorders: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","doi":"10.1192/j.eurpsy.2025.10064","url":"https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2025.10064","support_kind":"cited_as_match","cited_as":"Ancin-Oses 2025","population":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","directness":"review","excerpt":"BACKGROUND: Physical exercise improves mental and physical health of individuals with severe mental illness (SMI); however, its impact on metabolic syndrome remains unclear. AIMS: To evaluate the effects of exercise interventions on metabolic syndrome components in individuals with SMI and explore interactions between exercise and antipsychotic medications on metabolic outcomes. METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and APA PsycINFO through October 10, 2023, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of exercise on waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol in SMI. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane RoB-2 tool. Data were pooled using random-effects models in Comprehensive Meta-Analysis and JASP. RESULTS: Ten RCTs ( N = 773; mean age 39.9 ± 7.36 years; 38.7% female; 71.5% schizophrenia spectrum disorders) met inclusion criteria. Pooled analyses revealed no significant effects of exercise on waist circumference (SMD = 0.206, 95% CI [-0.118, 0.530], p = 0.171), systolic blood pressure (SMD = 0.194, 95% CI [-0.115, 0.504], p = 0."},{"source_id":"source_47","study":"Effects of intermittent fasting combined with physical exercise on cardiometabolic outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies.","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuad155","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuad155","support_kind":"cited_as_match","cited_as":"Kazeminasab 2024","population":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","directness":"review","excerpt":"CONTEXT: Different intermittent fasting (IF) protocols have been proven to be efficient in improving cardiometabolic markers, but further research is needed to examine whether or not combining IF regimens plus physical exercise is superior to control diets (ie, nonfasting eating) plus physical exercise in this setting. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether or not combining IF plus exercise interventions is more favorable than a control diet plus exercise for improving cardiometabolic health outcomes. DATA SOURCE: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were comprehensively searched until April 2023. DATA EXTRACTION: Electronic databases were searched for clinical trials that determined the effect of IF plus exercise vs a control diet plus exercise on body weight, lipid profile (high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], triglycerides, and total cholesterol), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively). Analyses were conducted for IF plus exercise vs a nonfasting diet plus exercise to calculate weighted mean differences (WMDs)."}],"candidate_sources":[]}]}